Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 295-298

Abstract: Water resources is the important strategic resources, and how to realize the sustainable is the world's theme, is the foundation of human survival. The purpose of this study is: useing building wastewater as the research object, using MBR (membrane bioreactor) technology as the sewage processing.Through the analysis on the actual case,put forward the reclaimed water process and operation cost accounting.It appears that the costs of water reuse is 0.83 yuan per ton, is in a very low level. The technology is in the actual water reuse processing, and have the reality significance.

Abstract: The constructions of small hydropower stations play an important role in improving local energy structure, development of corporations, agricultural and environmental melioration, and improving living standard of local people. Thus, studying status at small hydropower stations of China and existed problems in their development has a practical significance. With investigation data, the paper comprehensively analyzed running status of the stations, equipment aging in their development, lower utilized water resources, backward management, and disordered exploitation, etc. Therefore, the authors put forward the stations need to be technically reformed, perfecting management, professional training and so on, so that utilization efficiency on water resources could be continually improved.

Abstract: Based on a method stochastic processes, two new bedload transport models for the ith size fraction nonuniform sediment are theoretically developed by using a stochastic model of sediment exchange and the probabilistic distribution of fractional bedload transport rates. The relations, proposed recently by Yang, for the probability of fractional incipient motion and for the average velocity of particle motion are introduced to bedload formulas. Plenty of experimental data for the bedload transport rate of uniform sediment are used to determine parameters. Finally, the two models are verified with natural data expressing the transport of nonuniform sediment under full motion in laboratory flume. The result shows that the experimental observations agree well with the predicted fractional bedload transport rates. Comparison of the theory with field data shows that the proposed formula still applies to uniform sediment transportation condition as long as the relevant parameters for uniform sediment are taken into account.

Abstract: In order to simulate the dynamic trends of the influencing factors of water resources gap and periodic characteristics of the related factors, this paper establishes regional transition model and Error Correct Model as well as state-space model, whose parameters are used to measure the influences and trends. Empirical results implicit that these models fit sample data very well and some useful conclusions can be drawn from these parameters estimation. Different functions of influencing factors between periods of short and adequacy of water supply are showed. It is necessary to arrange consumption use rationally because of its greater percentage when water was scarce. The increasing consumption use becomes the main factor of water shortage.

Abstract: As the rapid growth of three-dimensional (3D) designing approaches to hydraulic structures designing in the last few years, computer supported collaborative design (CSCD) methods and systems are becoming more and more important and essential to the field of hydraulic engineering. This paper introduces the basic concepts of 3D design and CSCD, gives the necessity of 3D and CSCD methods in hydraulic structure designing, conducts a survey of the development stages of hydraulic structure designing and finally proposes a potential way to improve the design process and productivities in the hydraulic structure 3D designing.

Abstract: In the present paper, a mathematical and experimental investigation is presented to describe effects of aeration on bubble motion at different flow velocities in cavitation region. Equations of work and equilibrium with the surrounding flow were developed. Relations between the cavitation numbers and air concentrations at different flow velocities were numerically solved. Experimental results showed that the numerical solutions agree well with the measured data. The influence of the cavitation numbers and air concentrations on the cavitation characteristics were analyzed. Cavitation phenomena were observed by high speed photography.

Abstract: Based on the systematic analysis of geological and hydrogeological conditions of Baisha River, the scope of study area and boundary conditions are determined. This paper builds the water quantity model of researched region with the software of MODFLOW. The observational data according to temporal sequence are identified and validated by the water quantity model. Then, we choose the optimal hydrogeology parameters to simulate future groundwater levels. The simulated results show that ground water levels have rebounded to some extent. According to the amount of groundwater exploitation in the past 10 years, the available groundwater is between 1.4~1.6×106m3/a from 2012 to 2015. But the actual amount is only 1.2×106m3/a. Therefore, the region can increase the amount of groundwater exploitation to make more fully use of water resources .But mining can not do without moderation. We should guarantee the safety of groundwater, and then water resources can be fully sustainable utilization. Finally, the essay requests for rational use and protection of the groundwater.

Abstract: Based on the long term diverted water volume data of 1980-2007 in Donglei Irrigation District, multi- scale and trend characteristics of the diverted water are revealed by using wavelet theory. The results showed that diverted water volume changes at different scales of 12a, 7a and 2a; annual diverted water volume generally appears a tendency of increasing;analysis of some impact factors of diverted water by tendency analysis revealed that precipitation and the planting areas for corn have great influence on water diversion.

Abstract: This paper put forwards an improved technical path to design SWM for Chinese inter-basin diversion project, taking the institutes of government as an experimental environment, which is thought also need to be designed and tested. Then, a method for designing institutional environment of water market is further explored, by applying the Welfare economics theory，game theory, combined with a prototype, focused on the problem of the initial allocation and transaction of water diversion permission right in China.

Abstract: Established urban living water management model. With capital and labor as state variables, using the pole assignment robust control method, realize the urban living water system supply and demand balance tending to target value.