Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 295-298

Abstract: This paper starts from the prospective of emergy utilization to establish evaluating methods on sustainability of human settlement construction system. Relying on measurement of relations between emergy consumption and emergy productivity, it establishes an accurate threshold in judging if human settlement construction system is in a sustainable fashion or not. It also exerts a practical research on human settlement construction system of Chongqing city to determine its sustainability.

Abstract: Over the past 10 years, the rapid urbanization in China has brought profound impact on China economy and society, and had certain influence on urban micro-climate. Taking Jinan city as an example, based on the model about the relation between the urban development and urban climate change, the trend of Jinan temperature and precipitation are analyzed, the relative impact between the urban climate and the urban development is studied. The results show that there are noticeable Heat Island Effect and Rain Island Effect in Jinan, the impact on the urban climate change caused by the urban development could not precisely match the Kuznets Curve in Jinan.

Abstract: Landscape diversity index behaves ineffective in small scale farmland. The correlation coefficients between Shannon's diversity index as well as Simpson's diversity index with the population density of ladybeetles are negative. This result is opposite with the results from large scale farmland in developed countries. Landscape pattern has significant influence on the population density of ladybeetles. Especially the cotton/wheat relay intercrops have significant influence on the population density of ladybeetles. Besides grassland are also beneficial to the population density of ladybeetles.

Abstract: In order to research the effect of land reclamation on landscape ecological quality(LEQ) in mining area, taking Jiawang mining area in Xuzhou as an example, LEQ and its changes before and after reclamation were evaluated with an indices system which was constructed form stability and interference level of landscape ecosystem based on RS, GIS and landscape ecology. The weight was assigned for each index by analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy technology. The results showed that land use of the study area dramatically changed, manifesting by farmland continuous decreases and the built-up areas rapid increases, secondly, woodland decreases after increasing, grassland and water slight increases, which were in an unbalanced state overall. The landscape ecological situation of the study area had a better trend from 2001 to 2010, implying that land reclamation project had played a certain improvement on the regional ecological environment in mining area. It is believed that this work may provide scientific reference for land reclamation and landscape restoration of coal mining area.

Abstract: Binhai Industrial Park faces high risk of industrial disaster, and owing to its location near the Sea, it is subject to the influence of chain disaster resulted from natural calamities (leakage chain disaster, blast chain disaster). Therefore, it is essential that we tighten our control on each level and break the chain of disaster through disaster monitoring technology, risk assessment technology and emergency rescue technology. And the whole work should be based on the theory of chain-cutting disaster mitigation and the technology of 3S digital information. We should emphasize on the function of disaster prevention when we plan Binhai Industrial Park and design the industrial buildings, improve the technique of comprehensive disaster prevention within the framework of urban planning. With the adoption of certain counter-disaster strategies (the strategies should be related to the natural causing factors of the industrial disaster, such as storm tide), we will achieve our goal of building a disaster-free industrial park.

Abstract: We are able to recognize an interesting characteristic of resource utilization by means of time definition and analysis of human utilization of resources. The characteristic is that the utilization of resources have the characteristics of time and space warp from both the view points of depth space resource of the time concept of time-point, the time concept of time-point circulation and circulation of point-to-point in one hand, and also breadth space resource of the short-term periodic time cycle, medium-time periodic time cycle and long-time periodic cycle in the other.

Abstract: Due to the fundamental position and important roles playing in economic security, the resource issue draw much attention to every country in the world. Implementing a global strategy of mineral resources has been an inevitable choice for China’s sustainable development of economy and society. The paper discusses the situation of mineral resources between world and China, analyses global strategy of mineral resources of developed countries and provides advices on China’s global strategy of mineral resources.

Abstract: Based on gas chromatography mass spectrometry techniques, the biomarker characteristics of the Hongqi Formation source rocks in the Tuquan basin are studied, information and petroleum geological significance on organic matter origin, sedimentary environment and organic matter maturity are revealed. Biomarker assemblage characteristics of the Hongqi Formation source rocks are described as follows: Long-chain tricyclic terpane and gammacerane is abundant, C₂₇ regular steranes is predominant. The low content of gammacerane in organic matter shows that the source rocks were deposited in the low salinity environment. The mean value of steranes/hopanes is 0.40, showing more contribution from algae than bacteria. High content of C₂₇ regular steranes indicate that the parent material input is mainly the low aquatic o_{Subscript text}rganism. Biomarker parameters including Ts/(Ts+Tm) ratio, C₂₉ steranes 20S/(20S+20R) ratio, C₂₉ sterane αββ/(αββ+ααα) ratio indicate that Hongqi Formation source rock has reached or surpassed the main phase of oil generation.

Abstract: Overpressure is often encountered in the Jurassic tight sandstones in the central Junggar Basin. In this studt, a new mechanism of overpressure formation related to gas generation is proposed. Organic-rich mudstones have sonic velocity well-line reserves but their densities continue to increase in the over-compacted mudstone system resulting in the overpressure development during the conversion of the organic matter to oil and gas. The top of the overpressure zone correlates with the depth required for a large quantity of gas generation in which the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) is about 0.7%, showing that the overpressure in organic-rich mudstones is closely associated with gas generation.

Abstract: A’nan depression is faulted lake basin and control of its tectonic activity on the type characteristic of sedimentary facies, the sediment conduit and the capacity distribution of sandbodies can be summarized mainly as follows: (1) the area of sediment accumulate is in the thrown side of growth fault, with the high accommodation, meanwhile, the changes of sedimentary facies are caused by the differences of accommodation in the two sides of fault in the condition of stable source supply; (2) the accommodation zones between faults have low area, which can be a conduit from source area to depression area; (3) the distribution of sedimentary facies is controlled by ancient uplift that can block or change the direction of sediment transport. In other ways, the ancient uplift is as secondary sources during lower stand.