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HomeApplied Mechanics and MaterialsApplied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 397-400Aspects of Design and Manufacture of a...

Aspects of Design and Manufacture of a Three-Dimensional Fibre Optic Laser Doppler Probe Head

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Abstract:

Laser Doppler Velocimetry is an important flow diagnostic methodology used in modern day fluid flow investigations. The present paper describes the design and manufacturing aspects of a novel fibre optic LASER Doppler probe head intended for three dimensional measurements in a complex flow field. The paper particularly concentrates on the tight tolerances required of the various components associated with the probe head to achieve the desired measurement volume. Keywords: Fibre Optic, Laser Doppler, Velocimetry, three-dimensional, complex flow field

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Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology III

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Periodical:

Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 397-400)

Pages:

103-113

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.397-400.103

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Online since:

September 2013

Authors:

Noor A. Ahmed

Keywords:

Complex Flow Field, Fiber Optic, Laser Doppler, Three-Dimensional, Velocimetry

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© 2013 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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[1] Ahmed, N.A., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P. & Jones, J.D.C., A Novel 3D Laser Anemometer for Boundary Layer Studies, ASME Conf, Boston, USA, 15th December 1987. Also in the 3rd International Symposium on Laser Anemometry, edited by Dybs, A. et al, ASME, The Fluids Engineering Division, Vol. 55, pp.175-178.

[2] Ahmed, N.A., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P. & Jones, J.D.C., Miniature Laser Anemometer for 3D Measurements, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1990, pp.272-276. doi: 10. 1088/0957-0233/1/3/012.

DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/1/3/012

[3] Ahmed, N.A., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P. & Jones, J.D.C., Miniature Laser Anemometer for 3D Measurements, Engineering Optics, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1990, pp.191-196.

[4] Ahmed, N.A., Foster, C.P. & Elder, R.L., Laser Anemometry in Turbomachines, Proc. I. Mech. E. Part G, Journal ofAerospace Engineering, Vol. 205, 1991, pp.1-12.

[5] Ahmed, N.A., Hamid, S., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P., Tatum, R. & Jones, J.D.C., Fibre Optic Laser Anemometry for Turbomachinery Applications, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2-3, 1992, pp.193-205. doi: 10. 1016/0143-8166(92)90009-V.

DOI: 10.1016/0143-8166(92)90009-v

[6] Ahmed, N.A., An acoustic energy concept for the design of a flow meter, International Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2003, pp.52-58.

[7] Pissasale, A.J. & Ahmed, N.A., Examining the effect of flow reversal on seven-hole probe measurements, AIAA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 12, 2003, pp.2460-2467.

DOI: 10.2514/2.6845

[8] Pissasale, A.J. & Ahmed, N.A., Development of a functional relationship between port pressures and flow properties for the calibration and application of multi-hole probes to highly three-dimensional flows, Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2004, pp.422-436.

DOI: 10.1007/s00348-003-0740-8

[9] Ahmed, N.A., Demonstration of the significance and limitations of thin airfoil theory in the study of aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2004, pp.271-282.

DOI: 10.7227/ijmee.32.4.1

[10] S. Shun and N.A. Ahmed, Design of a Dynamic Stall Test Rig, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 215-216 (2012) pp.785-795, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.785

[11] S. Shun and N.A. Ahmed, Rapid Prototyping of Aerodynamics Research Models, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 217-219 (2012) pp.2016-2025, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2016

[12] Ahmed, N.A., Detection of Separation bubble using spectral analysis of fluctuating surface pressure, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, (2011).

[13] Findanis, N. & Ahmed, N.A., Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research, Chap. 8, Lerner, J.C. & Boldes, U. (eds. ), In-Tech Europe, Croatia, 2011. ISBN: 978-953-307-623-2.

[14] Lien, S.J. & Ahmed, N.A., Numerical simulation of rooftop ventilator flow, Building and Environment, Vol. 45, No. 8, 2010, pp.1808-1815.

DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.02.009

[15] Ahmed, N.A., Implementation of a Momentum Integral Technique for Total Drag Measurement, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2002, pp.315-324.

[16] Gatto, A., Byrne, K.P., Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Pressure Measurements over a Cylinder in Crossflow using Plastic Tubing, Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2001, pp.43-46.

DOI: 10.1007/s003480000133

[17] Pissasale, A.J. & Ahmed, N.A., Theoretical calibration of a five hole probe for highly three dimensional flow, Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 13, No. 7, 2002, pp.1100-1107. doi: 10. 1088/0957-0233/13/7/317.

DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/13/7/318

[18] Pissasale, A.J. &Ahmed, N.A., A novel method of extending the calibration range of five hole probe for highly three dimensional flows, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Vol. 13, No. 1-2, 2002, pp.23-3.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-5986(02)00011-0

[19] Lien, S.J. & Ahmed, N.A., An examination of the suitability of multi-hole pressure probe technique for skin friction measurement in turbulent flow, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2011, pp.153-164.

DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.01.004

[20] Ahmed, N.A. & Elder, R.L., Flow Behavior in a High Speed Centrifugal Impeller Passage under Design and Off-design Operating Conditions, Fluids and Thermal Engineering, JSME International series B, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2000, pp.22-28.

DOI: 10.1299/jsmeb.43.22

[21] Simpson, R.G., Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Improvement of a Wing's Aerodynamic Efficiency Using Coanda Tip Jets, " Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2000, pp.183-184.

DOI: 10.2514/2.2579

[22] Gatto, A., Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Investigation of the Upstream End Effect of the Flow Characteristics of a Yawed Circular Cylinder, The Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 104, No. 1033, 2000, pp.125-128.

DOI: 10.1017/s0001924000025318

[23] Gatto, A., Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Surface Roughness and Free stream Turbulence Effects on the Surface Pressure over a Yawed Circular Cylinder, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 9, 2000, pp.1765-1767.

DOI: 10.2514/3.14610

[24] Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Performance Improvement of a Bi-plane with Endplates, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2001, pp.398-400.

[25] Simpson, R.G., Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Near Field Study of Vortex Attenuation using Wing Tip Blowing, The Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 102, No. 1057, 2002, pp.117-120.

DOI: 10.1017/s0001924000012847

[26] Ahmed, N.A. & Goonaratne, J., Lift augmentation of a low aspect ratio thick wing at a very low angle of incidence operating in ground effect, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2002, pp.381-384.

DOI: 10.2514/2.2940

[27] N.A. Ahmed, Investigation of dominant frequencies in the transition Reynolds number range of flow around a circular cylinder Part I: Experimental study of the relation between vortex shedding and transition frequencies, Journal of CSME, vol. 19, No. 2, 2006, pp.159-167.

DOI: 10.3901/cjme.2006.02.159

[28] N.A. Ahmed, Investigation of dominant frequencies in the transition Reynolds number range of flow around a circular cylinder Part II: Theoretical determination of the relationship between vortex shedding and transition frequencies at different Reynolds numbers, Journal of CSME, vol. 19, No. 3, 2006, pp.317-326.

DOI: 10.3901/cjme.2006.03.317

[29] Ahmed, N.A. & Wagner, D.J., Vortex Shedding and Transition Frequencies Associated with Flow around a Circular Cylinder, AIAA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2003, pp.542-544.

DOI: 10.2514/2.1979

[30] Longmuir, M. & Ahmed, N.A., Commercial Aircraft Exterior Cleaning Optimization, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2009, pp.284-290.

DOI: 10.2514/1.38472

[31] Findanis, N. & Ahmed, N.A., The interaction of an asymmetrical localised synthetic jet on a side supported sphere, Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 7, 2008, pp.1006-1020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2008.02.002

[32] Findanis, N. & Ahmed, N.A., Three-dimensional flow reversal and wake characterisation of a sphere modified with active flow control using synthetic jet, Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2011, pp.17-76.

[33] Zheng, Y.Y., Ahmed, N.A. & Zhang, W., Impact Analysis of Varying Strength Counter-flow Jet Ejection on a Blunt Shaped Body in A Supersonic Flow, Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanic, vol 12, no. 2, 2012, pp.119-129.

[34] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N. A., Parametric Study of Dynamic Stall Flow Field with Synthetic Jet Actuation, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Article In Press.

DOI: 10.1115/1.4006957

[35] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N. A., Synthetic Jets as a Boundary Vorticity Flux Control Tool, AIAA Journal, Article In Press.

[36] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N., Improving Safety and Performance of Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 49, 2012, pp.99-106.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.117

[37] Riazi, H., and Ahmed, N. A., Numerical Investigation on Two-Orifice Synthetic Jet Actuators of Varying Orifice Spacing and Diameter, 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, AIAA-2011-3171, (2011).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2011-3171

[38] Riazi, H., and Ahmed, N. A., Numerical Investigation of Four Orifice Synthetic Jet Actuators, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, 2011, pp.217-223.

[39] Wu, C., and Ahmed, N. A., Numerical study of transient aircraft cabin flowfield with unsteady air supply, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 48, No. 6, 2011, p.1994-(2001).

DOI: 10.2514/1.c031415

[40] Wu, C., and Ahmed, N. A., A novel mode of air supply for aircraft cabin ventilation, Building and Environment, Vol. 56, 2012, pp.47-56.

DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.02.025

[41] Shun, S., and Ahmed, N. A., Airfoil separation control using multiple-orifice air-jet vortex generators, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 48, No. 6, 2011, pp.2164-2169.

DOI: 10.2514/1.c031387

[42] Shun, S., and Ahmed, N. A., Utilizing Vortex Acceleration to Improve the Efficiency of Air Jet Vortex Generators, 6th AIAA Flow Control Conference, (2012).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-3051

[43] Ahmed, N. A., and Archer, R. D., Poststall behaviour of a wing under externally imposed sound, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2001, pp.961-963.

DOI: 10.2514/2.2861

[44] N. Findanis and N. A. Ahmed, A computational analysis of the flow over a side-supported sphere with localised synthetic jet, (accepted for presentations), 43rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference: Flow Control: sensors and actuators, San Diego, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-2989

[45] J. Yen and N. Ahmed, Role of Synthetic Jet Frequency & Orientation in Dynamic Stall Vorticity Creation, (accepted for presentation), Category: 43rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Flow Control: active, passive, and closed-loop, San Diego, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-3165

[46] Y.Y. Zheng and N.A. Ahmed, Non-planarity to improve subsonic performance of delta wing at low angles of attack, (accepted for presentation), Category: 43rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Wing Aerodynamics: including deformable wings and flapping wings 43rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference: Flow Control: sensors and actuators, San Diego, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-3176

[47] Y.Y. Zheng and N.A. Ahmed, A novel means of dissipation of shock wave induced heat in a high speed flow, (accepted for presentation), Category: 43rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Flow Control: active, passive, and closed-loop, San Diego, USA, 24-27 June, 201.

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-3114

[48] C. Wu and N.A. Ahmed, Vectoring of a Wall bounded Planar Jet using Synthetic Jet Actuator, (accepted for presentation), Category: 43rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Flow Control: active, passive, and closed-loop, San Diego, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-2515

[49] Rashid, D.H., Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Study of Aerodynamic Forces on Rotating Wind Driven Ventilator, Wind Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2003, pp.63-72.

DOI: 10.1260/030952403321833770

[50] Shun, S. & Ahmed, N.A., Utilizing wind and solar energy as power sources for a hybrid building ventilation device, Renewable Energy, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2008, pp.1392-1397.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.07.017

[51] Ahmed, N.A., Wind Power, Chap. 24, Muyeen, S. M. (ed. ), In-Tech Europe, Croatia, 2010. ISBN: 978-953-7619-81-7.

[52] Lien, J. and Ahmed N.A., Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality, Chap. 20, Mazzeo, N. (ed. ), In-Tech Europe, Croatia, 2011. ISBN: 978-953-307-570-9.

[53] Lien, S.J. & Ahmed, N.A., Effect of inclined roof on the airflow associated with a wind driven turbine ventilator, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43, No. 2-3, 2011, pp.358-365.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.027

[54] Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Testing of a Highly Loaded Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines designed for Optimum Performance, Renewable Energy, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2002, pp.613-618.

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-1481(01)00079-9

[55] N.A. Ahmed, A Novel Small Scale Efficient Wind Turbine for Power Generation, Renewable Energy, vol 57, September issue, 2013, pp.79-85.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.01.023

[56] Ahmed, N.A., Engineering solutions towards cost effective sustainable environment and living, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2012, pp.155-167.

[57] Ahmed, N.A., Novel developments towards efficient and cost effective wind energy generation and utilization for sustainable environment, Renewable and Power Quality Journal, ISSN 2172-038X, No. 10, April 2012, pp. PL4.

DOI: 10.24084/repqj10.004

[58] Yen, J. & Ahmed, N.A., Enhancing Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Safety and Performance Using Synthetic Jets, (in Press) Journal of Wind and Industrial Aerodynamics.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.015

[59] Hopkins, H.H., and Kapany, M.S., A flexible fibre scope using static scanning, Nature, vol. 39, (1954).

[60] Heel, V., A new method of transporting optical images without aberrations, Nature, vol 39, (1954).

DOI: 10.1038/173039a0

[61] ]Maiman, T.H., Stimulated optical radiation in ruby masers, Nature, vol. 187, (1960).

[61] Cummins, H.Z., Knable, N., and Yeh, Y., Observation of diffusion broadening of Rayleigh scattered light, Phys. Rev. Letts., vol. 12, pp.150-153.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.12.150