Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 481

Abstract: Photolithography is undoubtedly the most widely used patterning method for the fabrication of micro-and nanofeatures, despite the recent development in some unconventional fabrication techniques that are poised to take over certain applications. But photolithography is still the main fabrication method in industry. To step forward in many applied areas, however, large-area, continuous fabrication system needs to be developed. However photolithography has not been extended to large area continuous patterning like other printing technologies. Photolithography is currently based on wafer scale fabrication and metal deposition process is performed under high vacuum condition. Here we report the development of continuous roll type contact photolithography which is termed photo roll lithography (PRL) and vacuum-free metal filling method. Continuous patterning is achieved was by employing a flexible photomask with Al patterns, which was fabricated by conventional photolithography method. Also, metal nanopowder was stuffed in fabricated PR patterns by puffs, instead of conventional deposition methods. As a feasible application, we demonstrated a fabrication of narrow bus wire for using on display devices.

Abstract: In this work, one kind of proportional throttle cartridge valve which is based on hydraulic-feedback principle is studied comprehensively. A detailed precise mathematical model is built. Analysis of the model shows that the model varies greatly depending on the operating point chosen for the linearization. The influences of design parameters are studied through root locus method and several parameters are picked out which have great impact on the dynamic performance. Then an optimization based on iterative eigenvalue configuration is implemented. After the optimization, the performance of the valve is improved effectively.

Abstract: Along with increasing speed and acceleration of numerically controlled machine tools, the influence of thermal dynamics characteristics on operating accuracy becomes more and more important. Improvement of thermal dynamics characteristics has turned out to be one of the crucial problems to develop machine tool of high performance. The positioning error of a feed drive system, mostly caused by the thermal deformation of a ball screw shaft, can directly affect the working accuracy of the machine tool. In this study, we applied the computational approach using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the thermal expansion process for estimating the deformation of the ball screw system. In the numerical analysis, the deformation of the ball screw shaft and nut was modeled via a linear elasticity approach along with the assumption that the material was elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic. To model the reciprocating motions of the nut at a speed of 60m/min respecting to the screw shaft, we utilized the three-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation with the frictional heat from the sources of the ball screw shaft, nut and bearings to calculate the temperature distributions for determining the temperature rises and axial thermal deformations in a ball screw shaft under operating situations. Simulations were conducted to explore the connection between the temperature increase of nut and the thermal deformation of the ball screw drive system, revealing the need of a compensation scheme for thermal error to improve the operating accuracy of machine tools.

Abstract: We propose a novel passive docking and exchanging mechanism of batteries at mobile robots. New proposed mechanism needs no actuators and sensors such as laser range finder and vision sensor to align. This mechanism, key and housing system, reduces the docking, exchanging time of batteries, and contact force by complete passive mechanism and applying optimal control of velocity by Pontryagin's minimum principle. This superior performance is demonstrated by dynamic analysis program, Recurdyn and Matlab Simulink.

Abstract: To the energy limited of nodes and imbalance energy consuming among nodes, this paper propose a algorithm of wireless sensor networks based on network building and complexity calculating, analyzed the energy consumption ration between classical cluster algorithm and new strategy. The algorithm uses a method that calculating each cluster complex and adjusting the structure of clusters if which clusters has high degree complexity. The analysis of the results shows that the algorithm improves energy efficiency and the life time of sensor network.

Abstract: Audiometry, which is currently used in medical practice, is based on the experiments of the last century. Using numerous clinical tests, it's played a major role in the auditory disorders diagnosis. But its capabilities are very limited.Theoretical justification of the experimental facts accumulated by now, today allows to solve many problems of hearing, including the tasks of computational biology. Using the physical processes that are realized at sound transduction in the inner ear, we created an alternative (acoustic-wave) hearing model on pre-receptor level. Its main result is the analytical matching of the sound frequency for the corresponding coordinates of the spiral organ.This cochlear tonotopicity represents the ratio between stimulation frequency f and place l along the cochlea by the equation of the acoustic-wave hearing model at pre-receptors stage l (f) = L_o^.2^{2log (f/fmo)}, where L_o = 32 mm the cochlear duct length, f_mo=20 kHz maxima frequency of audible sound.Biophysically is a substantiated age-related effect which attributable to changes in person perception the sound frequency. Age-related frequencies standards can be represented by f (t)=f_moe^rt, where r=0.01 year¹ high-frequency loss factor sound. Using both relations together, we get the length of the cochlear duct for T years L_T=L_o^.2^{2log (fT/fmo)}. It can help you calculate the new biological parameters of inner ear in prognostic and reconstructive processes of hearing's change and to determine its quality. It can be used in the monitoring study, the effectiveness of therapeutic procedures and any pharmacological and physical therapy interventions, in assessing the impact of environmental factors on the person.The modern complex hearing audiology should be based on all-pass sound generator with constant power, should include the database and displays the information and tools under the new bio-and psychophysical capabilities.

Abstract: In this paper, an image transmission system utilizing chaos-based watermarking technique for copyright protection of the image transmission system is demonstrated experimentally. This system assures when pirated image is found, the illegal user can be traced. The users message after chaotic encryption as watermark can be embedded into image. Experimental results show our system which is used for a web-based image transmission is effective and robust. Especially, users message can also be extracted from the watermark image under diverse attacks such as some image-processing operations and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression.

Abstract: The paper deals with the single machine scheduling problems with positional deterioration effect. It is assumed that the release time of a job is a positive strictly decreasing continuous function of the amount of consumed resource. We present a polynomial solution for the total resource consumption minimization problem under the constraint that the makespan does not exceed a given limit.

Abstract: In order to elucidate the different characters of elastic waves caused respectively by screw and edge dislocation movement, we calculated the stain field disturbance caused by migration of dislocation by elastic theory. Through the calculation, it was found that the strain field disturbance resulted from screw dislocation migration produces a transverse wave radiation while that resulted from edge dislocation migration produces transverse wave and longitudinal wave simultaneously. The result reveals the different energy radiation characters of screw dislocations and edge dislocations and explains the reason that edge dislocation moves faster than screw dislocation in general experiment. It also provides a theoretical basis for determining microcosmic mechanism of plastic deformation of metals by monitoring the changes of elastic waves.

Abstract: Mechanical products are becoming increasingly precise after industrial revolutions. Design is important for the manufacture of those products. Good mechanical design can improve the quality of product, and the efficiency of manufacture. To find the problems in the design and then improve the design, it needed the simulation process after the mechanical design was completed. Computer technologies in simulation process, such as software technology and virtual technology, were deeply studied in this work which combined practice with the concept and characteristics of machine design.