An Improved Watermarking Scheme for Secure Data Aggregation in WSNs

Abstract:

Digital watermarking technology has already been used for secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. However, most of the existing watermarking technologies are irreversible, and the embedded watermark will cause some damage to the data collected by sensors. In this paper, we proposed a novel distributed reversible watermarking technology based on an improved difference expansion scheme. Due to the hierarchical clustering architecture organized according to LEACH protocol, a distributed self-organized mechanism is established within clusters for the watermark generation. The whole watermark is split into several segments and the watermark segments are assigned randomly to different sensors within a group. In addition, a pair of synchronized random sequence generators is applied on both the sensors and the sink to fresh the data.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 556-562)
• Pages: 6298-6301
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.556-562.6298
• Online since: May 2014
• Authors: Xiang Yang Li*, Yang Jing Zhong, Fu Bao Liao, Rong Li
• Keywords: Improved De-Based Scheme, Self-Organized Grouping, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

References

[1] Cox I J, Miller M L, Bloom J A, et al. Digital Watermarking and Steganography, Burlington: Morgan Kauffman, 2008, pp.375-422.

[2] Fridrieh J, Goljan M, Du R, Invertible authentication, in: Proceedings of Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents III. San Jose: SPIE, 2001, pp.197-208.

DOI: 10.1117/12.435400

[3] Chin-Feng Lee, Hsing-Ling Chenb, Hao-Kuan Tsoc, Embedding capacity raising in reversible data hiding based on prediction of difference expansion, in: Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 83, 2010: 1864-1872.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.05.078

[4] J. Tian, Reversible Data Embedding Using a Difference Expansion, in: IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13 No. 8, 2003: 890-896.

DOI: 10.1109/tcsvt.2003.815962

[5] J. Yick, B. Mukherjee, D. Ghosal, Wireless sensor network survey, in: Computer Networks, 52(12), 2008: 2292-2330.

DOI: 10.1016/j.comnet.2008.04.002

[6] B. Wang, X. Sun and H. Ren, Multi-mark: Multiple Watermarking Method for Privacy Data Protection in Wireless Sensor Networks, in: Information Technology Journal, 2011: 833-840.

DOI: 10.3923/itj.2011.833.840

[7] J. Feng and M. Potkonjak, Real-time watermarking techniques for sensor networks, in: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, Santa Clara, CA, USA: SPIE Press, 2003: 391-402.

DOI: 10.1117/12.479736

[8] W. Zhang, P. De, Y. Liu, S. K. Das. Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Watermark Based Authentication Supportive Approach, in: Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2008, 4(5): 658-680.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmcj.2008.05.005