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HomeApplied Mechanics and MaterialsApplied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 607Building a Practical Anechoic Chamber for...

Building a Practical Anechoic Chamber for Aero-Acoustic Measurements

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Abstract:

The design, manufacture and installation of a practical and cost-effective anechoic chamber for aero-acoustic measurements are presented in this paper. The work was undertaken with a view to measure the aerodynamically generated noise of wind turbines under laboratory conditions. The chamber was designed to be used in conjunction with a wind tunnel. Tests were carried out to compare the reduction of noise levels from external sources with and without the chamber. The results obtained suggest a clear reduction of noise levels with different wind speeds, and as expected, resulted with higher reductions at higher wind tunnel speeds.

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Periodical:

Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 607)

Pages:

685-693

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.607.685

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Online since:

July 2014

Authors:

Razeen F. Ahmed, Yenas Yendrew, Noor A. Ahmed*

Keywords:

Aero-Acoustics, Anechoic Chamber, Wind Tunnel

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© 2014 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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[1] Ahmed, N.A., Engineering solutions towards cost effective sustainable environment and living, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2012, pp.155-167.

[2] Ahmed, N.A., Novel developments towards efficient and cost effective wind energy generation and utilization for sustainable environment, Renewable and Power Quality Journal, ISSN 2172-038X, PL4, No. 10, April 2012, pp.1-23.

DOI: 10.24084/repqj10.004

[3] Ahmed, N.A. & Archer, R.D., Testing of a Highly Loaded Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines designed for Optimum Performance, Renewable Energy, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2002, pp.613-618.

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-1481(01)00079-9

[4] Ahmed, N.A., Wind Power, Chap. 24, Muyeen, S. M. (ed), In-Tech Europe, Croatia, 2010, ISBN: 978-953-7619-81-7.

[5] Lien, J. and Ahmed N.A., Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Air Quality, Chap. 20, Mazzeo, N. (ed. ), In-Tech Europe, Croatia, 2011, ISBN: 978-953-307-570-9.

[6] Findanis, N. & Ahmed, N.A., Wind Tunnels and Exp Fluid Dynamics Research, Chap. 8, Lerner, J.C. and Boldes, U. (eds. ), In-Tech Europe, Croatia, 2011. ISBN: 978-953-307-623-2.

[7] Rashid, D.H., Ahmed, N.A., and Archer, R.D., Study of Aerodynamic Forces on Rotating Wind Driven Ventilator, Wind Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2003, pp.63-72.

DOI: 10.1260/030952403321833770

[8] Shun, S. and Ahmed, N.A., Utilizing wind and solar energy as power sources for a hybrid building ventilation device, Renewable Energy, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2008, pp.1392-1397.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.07.017

[9] Longmuir, M., and Ahmed, N.A., Commercial Aircraft Exterior Cleaning Optimization, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2009, pp.284-290.

DOI: 10.2514/1.38472

[10] Lien, S.J., and Ahmed, N.A., Numerical simulation of rooftop ventilator flow, Building and Environment, Vol. 45, No. 8, 2010, pp.1808-1815.

DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.02.009

[11] Lien, S.J., and Ahmed, N.A., Effect of inclined roof on the airflow associated with a wind driven turbine ventilator, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 43, No. 2-3, 2011, pp.358-365.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.027

[12] Riazi, H., and Ahmed, N.A., Efficiency enhancement of a small scale closed solar thermal Brayton cycle by a combined simple organic Rankine cycle, Proc ASME 2012 Int Mechanical Engg Congress and Expo, IMCE2012, November 9-15, 2012, Houston, USA.

DOI: 10.1115/imece2012-88503

[13] Olsen, J., Page, J.R., and Ahmed, N.A., A Hybrid propulsion system for a light trainer aircraft, 15th Australian International Aerospace Congress, 25-28 February (2013).

[14] Ahmed, N.A., A Novel Small Scale Efficient Wind Turbine for Power Generation, Renewable Energy, vol 57, September issue, 2013, pp.79-85.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.01.023

[15] Ahmed, N.A., Flynn, T.G., and Li, M., Effect of Heat Exchange Heights on the Performance of Solar Tower, (in press) Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.

[16] Simpson, R.G., Ahmed, N.A. and Archer, R.D., Improvement of a Wing's Aerodynamic Efficiency Using Coanda Tip Jets, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 37, No. 1, 2000, pp.183-184.

DOI: 10.2514/2.2579

[17] Simpson, R.G., Ahmed, N.A. and Archer, R.D., Near Field Study of Vortex Attenuation using Wing Tip Blowing, The Aeronautical Journal, Vol. 102, No. 1057, 2002, pp.117-120.

DOI: 10.1017/s0001924000012847

[18] Ahmed, N.A. and Archer, R.D., Performance Improvement of a Bi-plane with Endplates, J Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 2, 2001, pp.398-400.

[19] Ahmed, N.A., and Goonaratne, J., Lift augmentation of a low AR thick wing at a very low angle of incidence operating in ground effect, J Aircraft, Vol. 39, No. 2, 2002, pp.381-384.

DOI: 10.2514/2.2940

[20] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N.A., Enhancing Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Safety and Performance Using Synthetic Jets, J Wind and Industrial Engg, Vol. 114, 2013, pp.12-17.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2012.12.015

[21] Gatto, A., Ahmed, N.A. and Archer, R.D., Investig of the Upstream End Effect of Flow Characteristics of a Yawed Circ Cyl, Aeronautical J, Vol. 104, No. 1033, 2000, pp.125-128.

DOI: 10.1017/s0001924000025318

[22] Gatto, A., Ahmed, N.A. and Archer, R.D., Surface Roughness and Free stream Turbulence Effects on the Surface Pressure over a Yawed Circ Cyl, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 9, 2000, pp.1765-1767.

DOI: 10.2514/3.14610

[23] Ahmed, N.A., Investigation of dominant frequencies in the transition Rey no range of flow around a circ cyl Part I: Experimental study of vortex shedding and transition frequencies, J of CSME, vol. 19, No. 2, 2006, pp.159-167.

DOI: 10.3901/cjme.2006.02.159

[24] Ahmed, N.A., Investigation of dominant frequencies in the transition Reynolds number range of flow around a circular cylinder Part II: Theoretical determination of the relationship between vortex shedding and transition frequencies at different Reynolds numbers, J of CSME, vol. 19, No. 3, 2006, pp.317-326.

DOI: 10.3901/cjme.2006.03.317

[25] Ahmed, N.A., and Wagner, D.J., Vortex Shedding and Transition Frequencies Associated with Flow around a Circular Cylinder, AIAA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2003, pp.542-544.

DOI: 10.2514/2.1979

[26] Longmuir, M., and Ahmed, N.A., Commercial Aircraft Exterior Cleaning Optimization, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2009, pp.284-290.

DOI: 10.2514/1.38472

[27] Findanis, N., and Ahmed, N.A., The interaction of an asymmetrical localised synthetic jet on a side supported sphere, J Fluids and Structures, Vol. 24, No. 7, 2008, pp.1006-1020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2008.02.002

[28] Findanis, N., and Ahmed, N.A., Three-dimensional flow reversal and wake characterisation of a sphere modified with active flow control using synthetic jet, Advs and Applications in FlMech, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2011, pp.17-76.

[29] Zheng, Y.Y., Ahmed, N.A., and Zhang, W., Impact Analysis of Varying Strength Counter-flow Jet Ejection on a Blunt Shaped Body in A Supersonic Flow, Adv and Applications in Fl Mechanic, vol 12, no. 2, 2012, pp.119-129.

[30] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N. A., Parametric Study of Dynamic Stall Flow Field with Synthetic Jet Actuation, J Fluids Engineering, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 134, Issue 7, (2012).

DOI: 10.1115/1.4006957

[31] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N. A., Synthetic Jets as a Boundary Vorticity Flux Control Tool, AIAA Journal, Vol. 51, No. 2, 2013, pp.510-513.

DOI: 10.2514/1.j051797

[32] Yen, J., and Ahmed, N., Improving Safety and Performance of Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbines, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 49, 2012, pp.99-106.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.117

[33] Riazi, H., and Ahmed, N. A., Numerical Investigation on Two-Orifice Synthetic Jet Actuators of Varying Orifice Spacing and Dia, 29th AIAA Appl Aerodyn Conf, AIAA-2011-3171, (2011).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2011-3171

[34] Riazi, H., and Ahmed, N. A., Numerical Investigation of Four Orifice Synthetic Jet Actuators, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 5, 2011, pp.217-223.

[35] Wu, C., and Ahmed, N. A., Numerical study of transient aircraft cabin flowfield with unsteady air supply, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 48, No. 6, 2011, p.1994-(2001).

DOI: 10.2514/1.c031415

[36] Wu, C., and Ahmed, N. A., A novel mode of air supply for aircraft cabin ventilation, Building and Environment, Vol. 56, 2012, pp.47-56.

DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.02.025

[37] Shun, S., and Ahmed, N. A., Airfoil separation control using multiple-orifice air-jet vortex generators, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 48, No. 6, 2011, pp.2164-2169.

DOI: 10.2514/1.c031387

[38] Shun, S., and Ahmed, N. A., Utilizing Vortex Acceleration to Improve the Efficiency of Air Jet Vortex Generators, 6th AIAA Flow Control Conference, (2012).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-3051

[39] Ahmed, N. A., and Archer, R. D., Poststall behaviour of a wing under externally imposed sound, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2001, pp.961-963.

DOI: 10.2514/2.2861

[40] Findanis, N., and Ahmed, N. A., A computational analysis of the flow over a side-supported sphere with localised SJ, 43rd AIAA Fluid Dyn Conf, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-2989

[41] Jen, J., and Ahmed, N. A., Role of SJ Frequency & Orientation in Dynamic Stall Vorticity Creation, Category: 43rd AIAA Fluid Dyn Conf, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

[42] Zheng, Y.Y., and Ahmed, N. A., Non-planarity to improve subsonic performance of delta wing at low angles of attack, 43rd AIAA Fluid Dyn Conf, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-3176

[43] Zheng, Y.Y., and Ahmed, N. A., A novel means of dissipation of shock wave induced heat in a high speed flow, 43rd AIAA Fluid Dyn Conf, USA, 24-27 June, 201.

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-3114

[44] Wu, C., and Ahmed, N. A., Vectoring of a Wall bounded Planar Jet using Synthetic Jet Actuator, 43rd AIAA Fluid Dyn Conf, USA, 24-27 June, (2013).

DOI: 10.2514/6.2013-2515

[45] Zheng, Y.Y., and Ahmed, N.A., Thermal protection systems in Spacecraft re-entry-A brief overviews, Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 8, No. 1, 2013, pp.99-118.

[46] Yauwenas, Y., Yen, J., and Ahmed, N. A., Aero-braking using synthetic jet, Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics, vol. 14, no. 1, 2013, pp.88-101.

[47] Wu, C., and Ahmed, N.A., A Preliminary Study of the Vectoring Performance of a Synthetic Jet Actuator with Slot Edge Curvature, Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics, vol 15(2)2014, pp.131-162.

[48] Findanis, N., and Ahmed, N.A., Flow Studies of a Forward Swept Wing Fitted with Active Flow Control, Adv and Appl in Fl Mech, vol. 15(2)2014, pp.163-181.

[49] Yendrew, Y., and Ahmed, N.A., Near-field measurements of wind turbine noise, Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics, vol. 15(2) 2014, pp.183-196.

[50] Zheng, Y.Y., and Ahmed, N.A., Enhancing Subsonic Performance of Delta Wing at Low Angles of Attack, Adv and Appl in Fl Mech Vol 16(1)2014 of the AAFM, pp.31-56.

[51] Lien, S.J., and Ahmed, N.A., Skin friction determination in TBL using multi-hole pressure probes, 25th AIAA Applied Aerodyn Conf, USA, 8-10 June, 2006, AIAA-2006-3659.

DOI: 10.2514/6.2006-3659

[52] Lien, S.J., and Ahmed, N.A., A novel method for Skin friction determin using multi-hole pressure probes, 12th Australian Aeronaut Conf, 19-22 March 2007, Melbourne, Australia.

[53] Ahmed, N.A., and Page, J.R., Flight Simulation As An Aid To Advanced Project Design, SimTecT2007, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, June 4 - 7, (2007).

[54] Ahmed, N.A., and Ahn, B., Internal Acous excitation to enhance the airfoil performance at high Reynolds no, 14th Int Conf on Sound and Vibration, 9-12 July, 2007, Cairns, Australia.

[55] Ahmed, N.A., and Page, J.R., Simulating a Conceptual Unconventional MAV, SimTecT2008 Conference, Melbourne, May12-15, (2008).

[56] Ahmed, N.A., The Study of Spectral Properties of a Sepa Bubble on a Circ Cylinder under the effects of free stream turbulence, 4th BSME-ASME Int Conf on Therm Engg, Dec, 2008, Dhaka.

[57] Lien, S.J., and Ahmed, N.A., Prediction of Turbulent Flow Separation with Pressure Gradient, 13th Australian Aeronaut Conf, 9 - 12 March 2009, Melbourne, Australia.

[58] Ahmed, N.A., and Page, J.R., An Improved Approach for Future Aerospace Design process, 13th Aust Aeronautical Conference, 9 - 12 March 2009, Melbourne, Australia.

[59] Ahmed, N.A., A Cross Flow Velocity Profile for 3D BL, Proc ASME/BSME Int Conf on Thermal Engg, 31st Dec 2000- 2nd Jan, 2002, Dhaka, pp.362-370.

[60] Yim, D.Y., Ahmed, N.A., Lee, M.H., and Milton, B.E., Effect of Tip Leakage on isolated rotor of an axial compressor, Proc 2nd Int Cong on Fl Engg, Muju, Korea, Aug 22-24, 2002, pp.87-94.

[61] G. Behfarshad and N.A. Ahmed, Vortex flow asymmetry of slender Delta Wings, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, 2011, pp.184-188.

[62] G. Behfarshad and N.A. Ahmed, Reynolds Stress Measurement Over Four Slender Delta Wings, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2011, pp.251-257.

[63] Ahmed, N.A., Turbulent Boundary Layer Analysis of Flow in a Rotating Radial Passage, 2nd BSME-ASME International Conf on Thermal Engg, 2-4 Jan, 2004, Dhaka, pp.325-333.

[64] Flynn, T.G., and Ahmed, N.A., Investigation of Rotating Ventilator using Smoke Flow Visualisation and HW anemometer, Proc 5th Pacific Symp on Flow Visualisation and Image Processing, 27-29 September, 2005, Whitsundays, Australia, Paper No. PSFVIP-5-214.

[65] Ahmed, N.A., Implementation of a Momentum Integral Technique for Total Drag Measurement, Int J of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2002, pp.315-324.

[66] Gatto, A., Byrne, K.P., Ahmed, N.A. and Archer, R.D., Pressure Measurements over a Cylinder in Cross flow using Plastic Tubing, Exp in Fluids, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2001, pp.43-46.

DOI: 10.1007/s003480000133

[67] Pissasale, A.J. and Ahmed, N.A., Theoretical calibration of a five hole probe for highly 3D flow, Measurement Sc and Technol, Vol. 13, No. 7, 2002, pp.1100-1107.

DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/13/7/318

[68] Pissasale, A.J. and Ahmed, N.A., A novel method of extending the calibration range of 5 hole probe for highly 3D flows, Flow Meas and Instrumentation, Vol. 13, No. 1-2, 2002, pp.23-3.

DOI: 10.1016/s0955-5986(02)00011-0

[69] Ahmed, N.A., An acoustic energy concept for the design of a flow meter, International Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2003, pp.52-58.

[70] Lien, S.J. and Ahmed, N.A., An examination of the suitability of multi-hole pressure probe technique for skin friction measurement in turbulent flow, Flow Meas and Instrumentation, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2011, pp.153-164.

DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2011.01.004

[71] Ahmed, N.A., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P. and Jones, J.D.C., A Novel 3D Laser Anemometer for BL Studies, ASME Conf, Boston, USA, 15th December 1987. Also in the 3rd Int Symposium on Laser Anemometry, edited by Dybs, A. et al, ASME, The Fluids Engg Div, Vol. 55, pp.175-178.

[72] Ahmed, N.A., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P. and Jones, J.D.C., Miniature Laser Anemometer for 3D Measurements, Meas Sci and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1990, pp.272-276.

DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/1/3/012

[73] Ahmed, N.A., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P. and Jones, J.D.C., Miniature Laser Anemometer for 3D Measurements, Engineering Optics, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1990, pp.191-196.

[74] Ahmed, N.A., Foster, C.P. and Elder, R.L., Laser Anemometry in Turbo-machines, Proc. I. Mech. E. Part G, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 205, 1991, pp.1-12.

[75] Ahmed, N.A., Hamid, S., Elder, R.L., Foster, C.P., Tatum, R., and Jones, J.D. C, Fibre Optic Laser Anemometry for Turbo machinery Applications, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol. 16, No. 2-3, 1992, pp.193-205.

DOI: 10.1016/0143-8166(92)90009-v

[76] Pissasale, A.J. and Ahmed, N.A., Examining the effect of flow reversal on seven-hole probe Measurements, AIAA Journal, Vol. 41, No. 12, 2003, pp.2460-2467.

DOI: 10.2514/2.6845

[77] Pissasale, A.J. and Ahmed, N.A., Development of a functional relationship between port pressures and flow properties for the calibration and application of multi-hole probes to highly 3D flows, Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 36, No. 3, 2004, pp.422-436.

DOI: 10.1007/s00348-003-0740-8

[78] Ahmed, N.A., Demonstration of the significance and limitations of thin airfoil theory in the study of aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2004, pp.271-282.

DOI: 10.7227/ijmee.32.4.1

[79] Ahmed, N.A., Detection of Separation bubble using spectral analysis of fluctuating surface pressure, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, (2011).

[80] Ahmed, N.A., and Elder, R.L., Flow Behavior in a High Speed Centrifugal Impeller Passage under Design and Off-design Operating Conditions, Fluids and Thermal Engineering, JSME International series B, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2000, pp.22-28.

DOI: 10.1299/jsmeb.43.22

[81] Shun, S., and Ahmed, N.A., Design of a Dynamic Stall Test Rig, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 215-216 (2012) pp.785-795, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.785

[82] Shun, S., and Ahmed, N.A., Rapid Prototyping of Aerodynamics Research Models, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 217-219 (2012) pp.2016-2025, © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2016

[83] Behfarshad, G., and Ahmed, N.A., Investigation of Newtonian liquid jets impacting on a moving smooth solid surface, Adv and Applications in Fluid Mechanics, vol. 12, no. 1, (2012).

[84] Wagner, S., Bareib, R. & Guidati, G., 1996. Wind Turbine Noise. Berlin: Springer.