Current Research in Biodegradable Plastics

Abstract:

Synthetic polymers are important in many branches of industry, particularly in the packaging industry. However, it has an undesirable influence on the environment and causes problems with deposition of waste and consumption. Therefore, there is a tendency to replace the polymer with biodegradable polymer that undergoes a process. This review summarizes the data on consumption, the level of biodegradation, the reliability of commercialization and production from renewable sources. Some biodegradable plastics that have been commercialized are starch based plastics, bacteria based plastics, soy based plastics, cellulose based plastics, lignin based plastics and natural fiber reinforced plastics. Production of this kind of material and its introduction to the market is important for the natural environmental.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 679)
• Pages: 273-280
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.679.273
• Online since: October 2014
• Authors: N.A. Faris, N.Z. Noriman, S.T. Sam, C.M. Ruzaidi, M.F. Omar, A.W.M. Kahar
• Keywords: Bacteria Based Plastics, Biodegradable Polymers, Cellulose Based Plastics, Lignin Based Plastics, Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Soy Based Plastics, Starch Based Plastics

References

[1] Akaranta, O., & Oku, G. E., 1999. Erratum to: Some properties of cassava mesocarp carbohydrates-low density polyethylene blends,. Carbohydrate Polymers, 34, 403–405.

DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(97)00108-2

[2] Arvanitoyannis, I., Biliaderis, C. G., Ogawa, H., & Kawasaki, N., 1998. Biodegradable films made from low density polyethylene (LDPE), rice starch and potato starch for food packaging application,: Part I. Carbohydrate Polymer, 36, 89–104.

DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(98)00016-2

[3] Agamuthu, P., & Fauziah, S. H., 2006. MSW disposal in Malaysia: landfill management,. In Proceedings of the 2nd expert meeting on solid waste management in Asia and the Pacific islands, Kitayushu (pp.23-24).

[4] Agamuthu, P., Khidzir, K. M., & Hamid, F. S., 2009. Drivers of sustainable waste management in Asia,. Waste Management & Research, 27(7), 625-633.

DOI: 10.1177/0734242x09103191

[5] Bledzki AK, Gassan J., 1999. Progr Polym Sci 24: 221.

[6] Byrom D, 1987. Polymer synthesis by microorganisms: Technology and economics,. Trends in Biotechnology; 5: 246-250.

DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(87)90100-4

[7] Chen GQ., 2009. A polyhydroxyalkanoates based bio- and materials industry,. Chem Soc Rev. 38: 2434–2446.

[8] Chee J.Y., Yoga S., Lau N., Ling S., Raeid M., Abed M., Sudesh K., 2010. Bacterially produced polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): Converting renewable resources into bioplastics,. Current research, technology and education topics in applied microbiology and microbial biotechnology. A Mendez -vilas edition, Formatex.

[9] Cazacu, G., Pascu, M.C., Profire, L., Vasile, C., 2002. Environmental friendly polymer materials. Polyolefins-lignin based materials,. Environ. Prot. Ecol. 3(1), 242–248.

[10] Cazacu, G., Pascu, M.C., Profire, L., Kowarski, A.I., Mihăes, M., Vasile, C., 2004. Lignin role in a complex polyolefin blend,. Ind. Crops Prod. 20, 261–273.

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.030

[11] Cao, Y., Shibata, S., & Fukumoto, I., 2006. Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments. Composites part A,: Applied science and Manufacturing, 37(3), 423-429.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.05.045

[12] Chakraborty A, Sain M, Kortschot M, Cutler S., 2007. J Biobased Mat Bioenergy 1: 71.

[13] Debeaufort F, Quezada-Gallo JA, Voilley A, 1998. Edible films and coatings: tomorrow's packagings: a review,. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 38(4): 299–313.

DOI: 10.1080/10408699891274219

[14] Drumright, R. E., P. R. Gruber & D. E. Henton, 2000. Polylactic acid technology,. Advanced Materials 12, 1841-1846.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-4095(200012)12:23<1841::aid-adma1841>3.0.co;2-e

[15] Erlandsson, B., Karlsson, S., & Albertsson, A. C., 1997. The mode of action of corn starch and a prooxidant system in LDPE: Influence of thermooxidation and UV irradiation on the molecular weight changes,. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 55, 237–245.

DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(96)00139-5

[16] Fan, D., Chang, P. R., Lin, N., Yu, J., & Huang, J., 2011. Structure and properties of alkaline lignin-filled poly (butylene succinate) plastics,. Iranian Polymer Journal, 20(1), 3-14.

[17] Fleck-Arnold JE, 2000. Plastic mulch films additives and their effects,. Proc Natl Agr Plast Congr 29: 310 – 314.

[18] Grothe E, Moo-Young M, Chisti Y., 1999. Fermentation optimization for the production of poly(beta-hydroxybutyric acid) microbial thermoplastic,. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 25: 132-141.

DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00023-x

[19] Guilbert S, Gontard N, Gorris LGM, 1996. Prolongation of the shelf-life of perishable food products using biodegradable films and coatings,. Lebensm Wiss U Technol 29: 10–17.

DOI: 10.1006/fstl.1996.0002

[20] Gupta, B., N. Revagade & J. Hilborn, 2007. Poly(lactic acid)fiber: An overview,. Progress in Polymer Science 32, 455-482.

DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.01.005

[21] Glasser, W. G., 1981. Potential role of lignin in tomorrow's wood utilization technologies. For. Prod. J.; (United States), 31(3).

[22] Halley P, Rutgers R, Coombs S, Kettels J, Gralton J, Christie G, Jenkins M, Beh H, Griffin K, Jayasekara R, Lonergan G, 2001. Developing biodegradable mulch films from starch-based polymers,. Starch 53: 362 –367.

DOI: 10.1002/1521-379x(200108)53:8<362::aid-star362>3.0.co;2-j

[23] He WN, Zhang ZM, Hu P, Chen GQ., 1999. "Microbial synthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates.

[24] by strain DG17 from glucose". Acta Polym Sin 6: 709–714.

[25] Huda, M. S., Drzal, L. T., Mohanty, A. K., & Misra, M., 2008. Effect of fiber surface-treatments on the properties of laminated biocomposites from poly (lactic acid)(PLA) and kenaf fibers,. Composites Science and Technology, 68(2), 424-432.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.06.022

[26] Inoue, K., Serizawa, S., Yamashiro, M., & Iji, M., 2007. Highly Functional Bioplastics (PLA compounds) Used for Electronic Products,. In Polymers and Adhesives in Microelectronics and Photonics, 2007. Polytronic 2007. 6th International Conference on (pp.73-76.

DOI: 10.1109/polytr.2007.4339141

[27] John MJ, Anandjiwala RD, Pothan LA, Thomas S., 2007. Compos Interface 14: 733.

[28] Kamariah N, 1998. Dealing with a load of rubbish. J Green Wave 2: 50–52.

[29] Kaihara, S., Y. Osanai, K. Nishikawa, K. Toshima, Y. Doi & S. Matsumura, 2005. Enzymatic transformation of bacterialpolyhydroxyalkanoates into repolymerizable oligomers directed towards chemical recycling,. Macromolecular Bioscience 5, 644-652.

DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500030

[30] Keshavarz, T. & I. Roy, 2010. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda,. Current Opinion in Microbiology 13, 321-326.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.02.006

[31] Khabbaz, F., Albertsson, A. C., & Karlsson, S., 1998. Trapping of volatile low molecular weight photoproducts in inert and enhanced degradable LDPE,. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 61, 329–342.

DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00217-6

[32] Li Y, Sarkanen S., 2002. Alkylated kraft lignin-based thermoplastic blends with aliphatic polyesters, Macromolecules, 35, 9707-9715.

DOI: 10.1021/ma021124u

[33] Li JC, He Y, Inoue Y, 2003. Thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable blends of poly(L-lactic acid) and lignin, Polym Int, 52, 949-955.

DOI: 10.1002/pi.1137

[34] Li Y, Sarkanen S., 2005. Miscible blends of kraft lignin derivatives with low-Tg polymers, Macromolecules, 38 , 2296-2306.

DOI: 10.1021/ma047546g

[35] Mohanty A. K., M. Misraa, G. Hinrichsen., 2000. Biofibres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites,. Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Polymer Physics, Englische Str. 20, D-10587 Berlin, Germany (Received: September 27, 1999; revised: March 2, 2000).

[36] Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., & Drzal, L. T., 2002. Sustainable bio-composites from renewable resources: opportunities and challenges in the green materials world,. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 10(1-2), 19-26.

DOI: 10.4324/9781315793245-107

[37] Manzur, A., Limon-Gonzalez, M., & Favela-Torres, E., 2004. Biodegradation of physicochemically treated LDPE by a consortium of filamentous fungi,. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92, 265–271.

DOI: 10.1002/app.13644

[38] Nitz H, Semke H, Landers R, 2001. Reactive extrusion of polycaprolactone compounds containing wood flour and lignin, J Appl Polym Sci, 81, 1972-(1984).

DOI: 10.1002/app.1628

[39] Ogboo Chikere Aja, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem, 2013. Review of municipal solid waste management options in Malaysia, with an emphasis on sustainable waste-to-energy options,. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management.

DOI: 10.1007/s10163-013-0220-z

[40] Okubo K, Fujii T., 2002. Eco-composites using bamboo and other natural fibers and their mechanical properties". In: Proceedings of the international workshop on 'Green', composites, p.17–21.

[41] Plaukett D, Andersen TL, Pedersen WB, Nielsen L., 2003. Biodegradable composites based on polylactide and jute fibers,. Compos Sci Technol 63: 1287–1296.

DOI: 10.1016/s0266-3538(03)00100-3

[42] Posada, J. A., Naranjo, J. M., López, J. A., Higuita, J. C., & Cardona, C. A., 2011. Design and analysis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production processes from crude glycerol,. Process Biochemistry, 46(1), 310-317.

DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.09.003

[43] Pye, E.K., 2006. Industrial lignin production and applications. In: Kamm, B., Gruber, P.R., Kamm M., (eds. ) Biorefineries—Industrial Processes and Products,. Status Quo and Future Directions, vol. 2, p.165.

DOI: 10.1002/9783527619849

[44] Shibata, S., Cao, Y., & Fukumoto, I., 2005. Press forming of short natural fiber-reinforced biodegradable resin: Effects of fiber volume and length on flexural properties,. Polymer testing, 24(8), 1005-1011.

DOI: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2005.07.012

[45] Stewart, D., 2008. Lignin as a base material for materials applications,. Chemistry, application and economics. Ind. Crops Prod. 27, 202–207.

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.07.008

[46] Tasaki O, Hiraide A, Shiozaki T, Yamamura H, Ninomiya N, Sugimoto H., 1999. The dimer and trimer of 3-hydroxybutyrate oligomer as a precursor of ketone bodies for nutritional care,. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 23: 321–325.

DOI: 10.1177/0148607199023006321

[47] Tharanathan, R. N., 2003. Biodegradable films and composite coatings: past, present and future,. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 14, 71–78.

DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2244(02)00280-7

[48] Teixeira EM, Pasquini D, Curvelo AAS, Corradini E, Belgacem MN, Dufresne A., 2009. Carbohydr Polym 78: 422.

[49] Thomas S.M., 2001. Biomass Grass makes for composite Cars, Mater. World, 9, 24.

[50] Wu Q, Sun SQ, Yu PHF, Chen AXZ, Chen GQ., 2000. Environmental dependence of microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates,. Acta Polym Sin 6: 751–756.

[51] Yahaya N, 2008. Overview of solid waste management in Malaysia,. In: Workshop on carbon finance and municipal solid waste management in Malaysia, Environment Institute of Malaysia (EiMAS).

[52] Yrikou J., Briassoulis D., 2007. Biodegradation of Agricultural Plastic Films,: A Critical Review. J Polym Environ. 15, 125.