The Influence of Orifice Insertion for Low Noxious Emissions from Combustion System

Abstract:

This paper presents the effect of inserting swirler outlet orifice plate of different sizes at the exit plane of the radial air swirler in liquid fuel burner system. Tests were carried out with three different orifice plates with area ratios (orifice area to swirler exit area ratio) between 0.7 and 1.0 using 280 mm inside diameter combustor of 1000 mm length. Several tests were conducted using the commercial diesel as fuel. The fuel was injected at the back plate of the 45^o vane angle swirler outlet using a central fuel injector with a single fuel nozzle pointing axially outwards. The aim of the insertion of orifice plates is to create the swirler pressure loss at the swirler outlet phase in order to maximise the swirler outlet shear layer turbulence to assist the fuel/air mixing. In the present work, the orifice plate with smaller area ratios exhibited very low NO_X emissions for the whole operating equivalence ratios. The NO_X reduction of more than 20 percent is achieved for orifice with 0.7 area ratio compared to 1.0 area ratio. Other emission such as carbon monoxide is increased with the decrease in the orifice area ratios. The results from this experiment show that good combustion is achieved by using smallest area ratios of orifice plate.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 699)
• Pages: 684-688
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.699.684
• Online since: November 2014
• Authors: Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul Ishak*, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, Mohd. Amirul Amin Arizal, Norwazan Abdul Rahim, Mohammad Roslan Rahim, Ismail Azmi
• Keywords: CO Emission, NO_x Reduction, Orifice Plate, Swirler

References

[1] L.S. Caretto, Mathematical Modeling of Pollutant Formation, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1 (1976) 47-71.

[2] N.A. Chigier, Pollution Formation and Destruction in Flame, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1 (1975) 3-15.

[3] C.T. Bowman, Kinetics of Pollution Formation and Destruction in Combustion, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 1 (1975) 33-45.

[4] L. Khezzar, Velocity Measurement in the Near Field of a Radial Swirler, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 16 (1998) 230-236.

DOI: 10.1016/s0894-1777(97)10027-9

[5] A.K. Gupta, D.G. Lilley, N. Syred, Swirl Flow, Great Britain: Abacus Press (1984).

[6] G.E. Andrews, H.S. Alkabie, M.M. Abdul Aziz, U.S. Abdul Hussain, N.A. Al Dabbagh, N.A. Ahmad, A.F. Ali Al Shaikly, M. Kowkabi, A.R. Shahabadi, High Intensity Burners With Low NOx Emissions, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., 206 (1992) 3-17.

DOI: 10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_003_02

[7] A. Sotheran, D.E. Pearce, D.L. Overton, Some Practical Aspects of Staged Premixed, Low Emission Combustion, Transaction of the ASME, J. Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, 107 (1984) 2-9.

DOI: 10.1115/1.3239694

[8] Jaafar, Mohammad Nazri Mohd, Mohd Shaiful Ashrul Ishak, and Sanisah Saharin. Removal of NO x and CO from a Burner System., Environmental science & technology 44. 8 (2010): 3111-3115.

DOI: 10.1021/es903606y

[9] Jaafar, M., Jusoff, K., Osman, M. S. A, Ishak, & Shaiful, M. Combustor aerodynamic using radial swirler., International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6. 13 (2011): 3091-3098.

[10] N.H. Escott, Ultra Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Design, University of Leeds, Department of Fuel and Energy, PhD thesis (1993).

[11] M.N. Kim, Design of Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber, University Of Leeds, Department of Fuel and Energy, PhD thesis (1995).