New Climate Diagnostic Method of Activity of Typhoons over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

Abstract:

A new conception, called the Most Direct Impact Area (MDIA) of typhoons, is put forward in this paper. After the computational method is explained in detail, the databank of 1955 typhoons of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) have been calculated on the Linux operational platform with a Fortran compiler in a computer. The results via calculating the geographic distribution of the MDIA of typhoons show that the characteristic of typhoon activity in a year can be easily identified in quantity. A most interesting feature has been found that typhoon activity is abnormally active over the ocean to the south of Japan in three typical El Niño years.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 71-78)
• Pages: 3118-3122
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.71-78.3118
• Online since: July 2011
• Authors: Ji Qing Tan, Hui Qi Li, Zhao Xia Zheng
• Keywords: El Niño Year, Most Direct Impact Area, Typhoon Activity

References

[1] Ooyama, K.V., 1982: Conceptual evolution of the theory and modeling of the tropical cyclone. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 369-379.

[2] Yamasaki, M., 1979: A further study of a CISK mode unaffected by surface friction. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 57, 112-132.

[3] Smith, R.K., 1997: On the theory of CISK. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 407-418.

[4] Palmen, E. H., 1948: On the formation and structure of tropical cyclones. Geophysica , Univ. of Helsinki, Vol. 3, 1948, pp.26-38.

[5] Gray, W.M. (1968): A global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms, Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, pp.669-700.

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1968)096<0669:gvotoo>2.0.co;2

[6] Black, P.G., (1975): Some aspects of tropical storm structure revealed by handheld-camera photographs from space, Skylab Explores the Earth, NASA, pp.417-461.

[7] Charney, J.G. and A. EIiassen, 1964: On the growth of the hurricane depression. J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 68-75.

[8] Willoughby, H.E. (1979): Forced secondary circulations in hurricanes, J. Geophys. Res., 84, pp.3173-3183.

DOI: 10.1029/jc084ic06p03173

[9] Yamasaki, M., 1996: A study on CISK and cloud systems. Meteor. Res. Notes., 186, 75-96 (in Japanese).

[10] Gray, W.M., and D. Shea (1973): The hurricane's inner-core region. Part II: Thermal stability and dynamic characteristics, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, pp.1544-1564.

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<1565:thicri>2.0.co;2

[11] Arakawa, A. and W.H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674:ioacce>2.0.co;2

[12] Ooyama, K., 1969: Numerical simulation of the life cycle of tropical cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 340.

[13] Jones, S.C., Harr, P.A., Abraham, J., Bosart, L.F., Bowyer, P.J., Evans, J.L., Hanley, D.E., Hanstrum, B.N., Hart, R.E., Lalaurette, F., Sinclair, M.R., Smith, R.K., Thorncroft, C. 2003: The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Forecast Challenges, Current Understanding, and Future Directions. Weather and Forecasting, 18, pp.1052-1092.

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1052:tetotc>2.0.co;2

[14] Madala, R.V. and A.A. Piacsek, 1975: Numerical simulation of asymmetric hurricane on a β-plane with vertical shear. Tellus, 27, 453-468.

DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01699.x

[15] Rosenthal, S.L., 1978: Numerical simulation of tropical cyclone development with latent heat release by the resolvable scales I: Model description and preliminary results. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 258-271.

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<0258:nsotcd>2.0.co;2

[16] Nasuno, T. and M. Yamasaki, 1997: The effect of surface friction on the mesoscale organization of cumulus convection in tropical cyclones. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 75, 907-923.

[17] Stevens, B., D.A. Randall, X Lin, and M.T. Montgomery, 1997: Comments on On large-scale circulations in convecting atmospheres, by Kemey A. Emanuel, J. David Neelin and Christophere S. Bretherton (July B, 1994, 120, 111-1143). Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1771-1778.

DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712354216

[18] Yamasaki, M., 1977a: A preliminary experiment of the tropical cyclone without parameterizing the effects of cumulus convection. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 55, 11-31.

[19] Lord, S.J., H.E. Willoughby and J.M. Piotrowicz, 1984: Role of a parameterized ice-phase microphysics in an axisymmetric, nonhydrostatic tropical cyclone model. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2836-2848.

DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<2836:roapip>2.0.co;2

[20] Murata, A., K. Saito and M. Ueno, 2003: The effects of precipitation schemes and horizontal resolution on the major rainband in typhoon Flo (1990) predicted by the MRI mesoscale nonhydrostatic model. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 82, 55-73.

DOI: 10.1007/s00703-001-0591-x