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«In order to understand these phenomena and their relationship with the different territories that generated them, the method of study that is scientifically important today is eco-friendly, not only in relation to the history of human settlements, but also to our present and our diversified future» Vercelloni, V., Ecologia degli insediamenti umani, Jaka Book, Milano 1992 p.12.
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Lynch K., Good City Form, Cambridge, MA MIT Press, (1981).
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«Cities happen to be problems in organized complexity, like the life sciences. They present situations in which half a dozen of several dozen of quantities are all varying simultaneously and in subtly interconnected ways…the variables are many, but they are not helter skelter; they are inter-related into an organic whole» Jacobs J., The Death and Life of Great American Cities, New York: Random House and Vintage Books, (1961).
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The concept of urban metabolism, introduced by Abel Wolman for the American city in 1965. Wolman trace an analogy between the operation of a city and the biological functioning of an organization by identifying the urban metabolism as a set of transformations and flows of people, of matter and energy that occur in urban areas, during their lives.
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«For Lynch, the city is represented as people engaged in activities. Always, these are subjected to modifications in response to changing circumstances in the locality, the wider urban area, or realms beyond. Often this modification in behaviour involves modificationto the use of character of building and open spaces. Sometimes it involves demolition and rebuild. The cumulative effect of an area of a city supporting these modifications of behaviour and built form is that it and the broader city must be considered to be dynamic in nature; not static or in a state of equilibrium. This is contrary to the way most designers think about the city and, for Lynch, it had important consequences for how one should approach designing them. Robustness, or the capacity to sustain change, was a critical issue for him» from Simmonds R., Lynch, The complexity theorist, Joint Centre for Urban Design, Oxford Brooks University.
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Studies by Lynch, arising from the meeting with Gyorgy Kepes, one of the founders of the Gestaltpsycologie, you are always moved in an attempt to steal the topic of perceptual form of the city with the uncertainty of individual interpretation, and therefore not systematic, introducing the fundamental concept of figuration. This concept, in particular, is at the heart of all research conducted by Lynch, as towards a possible objectification, in psychological terms, the perception of the city as a result of a rap-port between the cognitive structure of the inhabitants of the city, and that the urban environment experienced by the inhabitants themselves, in order to clear a recognition, of the parties. Reference to K. Lynch, The image of the City, Cambridge, (1960).
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Reference to the study of G. Cullen, Townscape, London 1961 that reflected on as the perception, of the urban image today is assumed to reading instrument and project space.
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«Recycling is not just re-use, but following the analogy with the organic world, proposing a new cycle of life» Viganò P., Riciclare città", in Ciorra P. Marini S., Re-cycle: strategie per l, architettura, al città e il pianeta, Electa, Milano, (2011).
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