Hybrid Nanocomposites – A Review

Abstract:

Since the last ten years, research happenings in the field of nanomaterials have been increased dramatically. Materials scientists and researchers have realized that the mechanical properties of materials can be altered at the fundamental level, i.e. at the atomic-scale. Carbon nanotubes have been well recognized as nanostructural materials that can be used to modify mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of polymer-based composite materials, because of their excellent properties and perfect atom arrangement. In geneal, scientific research related to the nanotubes and their co-related polymer based composites can be distinguished into four particular scopes: (i) production of high purity and well-regulated nanotubes, in terms of their size, length and chiral arrangement; (ii) enhancement of interfacial bonding strength between the nanotubes and their surrounding matrix; (iii) control of the dispersion properties and alignment of the nanotubes in nanotube/polymer composites and (iv) applications of the nanotube in real life. Research shows that addition of resin with nanoclays permits to retain stiffness without losing toughness, and also improving barrier and thermal properties. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) studies revealed that filling the carbon nanotube into epoxy can produce a 90% enhancement in storage modulus and a 22°C increase in Tg. Addition of nanoclay and epoxy with nanotubes forms a hybrid nanocomposite.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 766-767)
• Pages: 50-56
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.766-767.50
• Online since: June 2015
• Authors: T. Thomas Koilraj*, Kalaichelvan Kani
• Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes, Nano Clay, Nano Composites

References

[1] RTO Lecture Series, EN-AVT-129, May (2005).

[2] Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies, July 2004, the Royal Society & the Royal Academy of Engineering.

[3] Luo, J.J. and Daniel, I.M. Characterization and Modeling of Mechanical Behavior of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites, Compos. Sci. Technol., 63(11): 1607–1616. (Reproduced in part with permission from Elsevier _ 2006. ).

[4] Schmidt, D., Shah, D. and Giannelis, E.P. (2002). New Advances in Polymer/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 6(3): 205–212.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-0286(02)00049-9

[5] Alexandre, M. and Dubois, P. Polymer-layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties and Uses of a New Class of Materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. Rep., 28: 1–63. (Reproduced in part with permission from Elsevier _ 2006. ).

DOI: 10.1016/s0927-796x(00)00012-7

[6] Frank K. Ko, Sakina Khan, Ashraf Ali, Yury Gogotsi Structure and properties of carbon Nanotube reinforced nanocomposites, the American institute of aeronautics and astronautics 2002, 1426.

[7] Lau K. Y and Piah M.A. M, Polymer Nanocomposites in High Voltage Electrical Insulation Perspective: A Review, Malaysian Polymer Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1 (2011) 58–69.

[8] Giannis Bounos, Konstantinos S. Andrikopoulos, and Theodoros K. Karachalios Evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotube concentrations in polymer nanocomposites by Raman spectroscopy, Carbon 76 (2014) 301-309.

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.04.081

[9] J.R. Wood, Q. Zhao, H.D. Wagner Orientation of carbon nanotubes in polymers and its detection by Raman spectroscopy, Composites: Part A 32 (2001) 391–399.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-835x(00)00105-6

[10] Carole A. Coopera, Diana Ravicha, David Lipsb, Joerg Mayerb, H. Daniel Wagnera Distribution and alignment of carbon nanotubes and nanofibrils in a polymer matrix, Composites Science and Technology 62 (2002) 1105–1112.

DOI: 10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00056-8

[11] Erik T Thostenson and Tsu-Wei Chou Aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced composites: processing and mechanical characterization, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35 (2002) L77–L80.

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/35/16/103

[12] Takashi Kashiwa, Eric Grulkeb, Jenny Hildingb, Katrina Grotha, Richard Harris Thermal and flammability properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposite, Polymer 45 (2004) 4227–4239.

[13] Farzana Husain mehdi hojjati, masami okamoto, Russell e. gorga" Polymer-matrix Nanocomposites, Processing, Manufacturing, and Application: An Overview"Journal of composite materials, Vol. 40, No. 17/(2006).

DOI: 10.1177/0021998306067321

[14] By Qing Zhao and H. Daniel Wagner Raman spectroscopy of carbon-nanotube-based composites, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A (2004) 362, 2407–2424.

[15] Y. Y. Huang, S. V. Ahir, and E. M. Terentjev Dispersion rheology of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix, physical review b 73, 125422 (2006).

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.73.125422

[16] Rupesh Khare, Suryasarathi Bose Carbon Nanotube Based Composites- A Review, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp.31-46, (2005).

DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2005.41004

[17] O. Breuer and uttandaraman sundararaj A Review of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites, polymer composites, December 2004, Vol. 25, No. 630-645.

DOI: 10.1002/pc.20058

[18] Usuki, A., Kawasumi, M., Kojima, Y., Okada, A., Kurauchi, T. and Kamigaito, O.J. (1993). Swelling Behavior of Montmorillonite Cation Exchanged for V-amino Acids by E-caprolactam, Mater. Res., 8(5): 1174.

DOI: 10.1557/jmr.1993.1174

[19] Celzerd, A., McRae, E., Mareche, J.F., Furdin, G., Dufort M. and Deleuze, C. (1996). Composites Based on Micron-Sized Exfoliated Graphite Particle: Electrical Conduction, Critical Exponents, and Anisotropy, J. Phy. Chem. Solids, 57(6–8): 715–718.

DOI: 10.1016/0022-3697(95)00337-1