Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 766-767

Abstract: Diesel is a primary source of fuel consumed around the globe. Diesel, being a fossil fuel is expected to get over by 2050. Diesel operated vehicles normally emits high level of poisonous gases like NOx, CO₂, HC etc. During the various researches, it was being found that vegetable oils exhibit the properties closer to diesel. Few changes in the properties of vegetable oils have resulted in efficient results and allowed us to replace diesel. The present work investigates the emission of diesel engine at various parameters, when lemongrass oil is blended with diesel in various proportions at different levels of injection pressure. The diesel engine was tested on load condition of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Whereas ,injection pressure is varied from 200 to 220 bar at an interval of 20 bar with 10BD, 20BD and 30BD blends of biodiesel. Very small amount of nanocatalytic substance (MgO) is being used i.e. 15ppm, 30ppm and 45ppm to enhance the combustion properties of bio-fuel. The results Shows reduction in NOX HC and CO without sacrificing fuel efficiency. These confirmation results proves that good agreement of predicted values.

Abstract: The design of gears is critical for smooth running of any mechanism, automobile and machinery. Gear drive design starts with the need of optimizing the gear thickness, module, number of teeth etc., this creates huge challenges to a designer. Optimization algorithms are more flexible and gaining importance in engineering design problems, because of the accessibility and affordability of today’s mechanical field. A population based heuristic algorithm offers well-organized ways of creating and comparing a novel design solution in order to complete an optimal design. In this paper, a new artificial immune system based algorithm proposed as Modified Artificial Immune System (MAIS) algorithm is used to optimize a gear design problem. The results are compared with an existing design.

Abstract: In order to render cost effective and environmentally friendly products, sustainability is gaining importance in contemporary manufacturing organizations. The rapidly changing marketplace also means that organizations are in search of integrated approaches for creating sustainable product. In this context, this paper reports a case study carried out in an automotive component of single cylinder four stroke petrol engines. The candidate product is connecting rod. The existing handle of connecting rod has been modeled using computer-aided design (CAD). Then, the sustainability analysis has been carried out on the existing component for determining the environmental impact. This is followed by the engineering analysis of the component using computer aided engineering (CAE). Then the redesign of the handle performed by using design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) principles. The sustainability factors have been measured in terms of carbon footprint, air acidification, energy consumption, and water impacts. It has been found that the redesigned product possesses minimal environmental impact. It could be knew from the results of the case study that the implementation of DFE (design for environment) and DFMA concept could initiate new developments in sustainable product design with minimal impact on the environment. This integrated approach is considered to be valuable for its implementation in similar product development situations to achieve business benefits such as reduced cost and time which would in turn improve the profitability.

Abstract: Robots are playing a vital role in now a day in the field of manufacturing and component inspection. In general the hazardous environments as nuclear waste disposal, robots are really a high demand machine as an implementation of automation concepts that helpful to rectify the human errors and give more safety. In a view to meet such needs, this paper features the optimized new design of mechanical configuration of the robot suitable for inspection of outer surface welds present in the steel storage canister at nuclear industry with the help of NDT equipment. The effective utilization of universal joints and screw jack mechanisms at the base gives the higher order of degree of freedom when compare with currently available robots. The selection of the mechanical components and its comparison with the existing method is explained in brief. This paper describes the successive design calculations of major elements of manipulator. Generally, the purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of computer aided modelling of a robot mechanism and also state the advantage of development of software coding for difficult manual design. The MATLAB program was utilized to perform the automatic design calculation of manipulator Parts which gives the added advantage for this research effort.

Abstract: The paper investigates the properly designed Intake or Inlet Manifold (IM) is vital for the optimal performance of an Internal Combustion (IC) engine. The primary function of the intake manifold is to evenly distribute the combustion mixture (or just air in a direct injection engine) to each intake performance of the engine. Even distribution is important to optimize the efficiency and performance of the engine. It is known that uneven air distribution leads to less volumetric efficiency, increased fuel consumption and also power loss. The main objective of the present work was to make a computational study of flow distribution in an intake manifold under steady state turbulence conditions in the current project work an intake manifold for 3-cylinder engine was modeled and analyzed numerically for evaluating the fluid flow. In this process, the geometric model was created with approximate dimensions (by using curves and points) in ANSA a pre-processing tool and the analysis was carried out using STAR CCM+ which is a solver and post-processing tool port in the cylinder head (s).

Abstract: Braking system is one amongst the foremost vital contact mechanisms in an automobile. The braking potency in automobile depends on the desertion characteristics of the constraint assembly. The heat refusal from the system is proportional to the desertion of brake. This paper aims to bring out producing, testing of conical shape vent profile and studies of existing cooling vent profile heat refusal throughout the braking. This result reduces the thermal and structural stress on the brake plate. The prevailing vehicles brakes has been made from cylindrical vent profiles that in theory has lesser cooling potency because the direction of the air flow .The profile favor to increase the cooling potency by conical shape vent. The vent is reshaped in such some way that the face of the round shape vent is within the direction of air flow throughout vehicle motion that permits a lot of quantity of air to flow across the brake plate. This style changes results to extend the heat convey rate throughout the braking

Abstract: Gears are the most common of machine elements and due to that many studies have been conducted on optimum gear design. Gear optimization can be divided into two categories, namely, single gear pair or Gear train optimization. The problem of gear pairs design optimization is difficult to solve because it involves multiple objectives and large number of variables. Hence a trustworthy and resilient optimization technique will be more useful in obtaining an optimal solution for the problems. In the proposed work an effort has been made to optimize spur and helical gear pair design using LINGO and Meta heuristics algorithms like Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).On applying the combined objective function factors like Power, Efficiency is maximized and the overall Weight, Centre distance has been minimized in the model. The performance of the proposed algorithms is validated through test problems and the comparative results are reported.

Abstract: Removed due to plagiarism. The original was published as: Numerical Investigation of Inlet-Combustor Interactions for a Scramjet Hydrogen-Fueled Engine at a Flight Mach number of 8. Authors: Edder Rabadan and Bernhard Weigand 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference, Tours, France, 2012. Paper ID AIAA-2012-5926, DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-5926

Abstract: Deep drawing is the compression-tension forming process which has been around for a long time. This is a cheap and cost effective process. This paper investigates the manufacturing of the air bleed duct under deep drawing with the velocity of 7 inches/second. Bleed air is compressed air taken from aircraft turbine engines for cabin climate control and systems such as de-icing equipment and also used in after burners. Bleed air duct used to operate the control of air flow to the cabin and powerplant. Bleed air possesses high temperature and high pressure, hence the quality of the duct should be strong enough to withstand them. In general air bleed duct made of titanium alloys under forming process with low strength, which causes the failure and replacement of air bleed duct when they expose to extreme temperature cases. The deep forming process will increase the strength of the bleed duct which reduces the replacement of air duct periodically and reduces the maintenance cost of the aircraft. In addition this paper provides the stress and strain energy data in order to understand the mechanical behavior of titanium alloy when they undergo high pressure blank process.

Abstract: This paper describes the method for computer aided modelling of the newly designed robot with the aid of 3D modelling software. The static analysis of the designed robot also done by using the analysis software. The conventional design procedures of the elements of the mechanical configurations of the robot base and arm explained in exhaustive manner. Nuclear waste storage steel canisters are often required regular maintenance and surface inspection in order to ensure the goodness of the canisters. In this research work also the designed robot is doing the same task with the help of NDT system available at the end of the arm. However, these types of robot manipulators suffer from different payload capacity and relatively some amount of end point deflections. Through the static analysis the stability of the robot manipulator is proved. This paper features the optimized new design of mechanical configuration of the robot suitable for inspection of outer surface welds present in the steel storage canister at nuclear industry with the help of NDT equipment. The effective utilization of knuckle joints and screw jack mechanisms at the base gives the higher order of degree of freedom when compare with currently available robots.