Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 776

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to model and simulate kinematics motion using the differential drive model of a mobile Lego robot Mindstorm NXT. The author’s use integrated two software as a method to solve the simulation of mobile lego robot mindstorms NXT using Matlab/Simulink and Solidworks software. These softwares are enable easier 3D model creation for both simulation and hardware implementation. A fundamental of this work is the use of Matlab/Simulink Toolboxes to support the simulation and understanding of the various kinematics systems and in particular how the SimMechanics toolbox is used to interface seamlessly with ordinary Simulink block diagrams to enable the mechanical elements and its associated control system elements to be investigated in one common environment. The result of simulation shows the mobile robot movement control based on decentralized point algorithm to follow the precision x and y references that has been specified. The design of the mobile robot is validated in simulation results as proof that this design can achieve the good performance.

Abstract: In this paper, the authors describe and demonstrate how a Five fingered gripper can be designed and simulated to provide both gross motion and fine motion to the fingers. Satisfactory motion responses for the finger simulation are achieved. The fine motion including force feedback and the gross motions, which orientate the fingers into their approximate configuration is provided by an advance PID control strategy. The fingers are to be controlled in a manner which mimics the kinematics and dynamics of the five fingers of a human hand. This mimicry is required to design the correct motions necessary to handle engineering components. In order to evaluate the design philosophy and capability of the five fingered gripper, a challenging assembly process has been identified. The five fingered gripper assembly was built using Solidworks software tool, and it’s mechanical assembly representation was established in SimMechanics. The advance PID control is very effectively used to control the trajectory of the fingers. The simulation results have been demonstrated that the radius of finger movement is achieved in stable response. The signal error towards closed less than 1% which it indicates the response dynamic system response is stable.

Abstract: The impacts of oil spill on water pollution are more fatal than on the mainland because the spread of pollutants is larger and more massive. Various techniques are available for dealing with oil spill in the sea. However they turn out to be less effective in combating oil spill in the form of tar balls. Meanwhile, currents, tides and wind can carry tar balls far from the spill location. Therefore, emergency response must be deployed right away. Tar balls are finally collected manually by empowering fishermen in a short time which is quite difficult to be done. This paper discussed a tar balls collector that was designed based on net fishing tool and that it will be simply mounted on the side vessel or combating ship. Tar balls collector consists of several components including the clamp, long support, pulley, rings, frame of the net and net. Structure analysis of the long support of this tool was carried to determine force reaction and stress resultant. This equipment was designed to collect faster and more tar balls, hence reducing the impact of pollution on the marine environment.

Abstract: Three wheel bike as a physical therapy equipment for post-stroke patients was designed with length of 1937 mm, 1010 mm in width and height of 905 mm. The bike is designd ergonomic and can be driven by rider foot or hand simultaneously. By using CATIA software the strength of material bike frame was analyst to support 100 kg of load. The design is realized into a prototype. The performance of bike prototype is tested, and the result sows that the function of bike mechanisme is fulfilled. By 10 respondents, who have a standard body mass index, the pedal test was conducted, and the result indicates that, the higher the speed of the pedal, the higher the energy consumption to pedaling. Leg tension muscles is measured by leg-dynamometer before and after pedaling, and the result shows the tension muscle is proportional to the increase of pedal speed. In order to evaluate the ergonomic aspect of bike design, the risk angle of extrem position of body during cycling are measured by goneo-set. By RULA method the risk of injury value of rider body is calculated while pedaling, and the result showed that 70% of respondents have a value of risk injury 2, while 30% had a value of 3. It means that, the bike design is ergonomic and comfortable to ride. In oder to evaluate the benefits of disigned bike, the pedal test is conducted by 4 post-stroke patients for 30 days periodical once every 3 days. The result shows that during 1 month exercise, the average number of cycling to pedal increase up to 100%. This means that the ability of post-stroke patients to pedal the bike increase significantly. That result showed that the bike design is useful as a tool for physical therapy post-stroke patients.

Abstract: One of the important aspects in determining the competitiveness of an automotive product is the traction ability or performance, the vehicle's ability to accelerate, wind resistance, rolling resistance, against the force of the ramp, and the capacity to pull a load. The size of traction for any level of gear and vehicle speed that can be achieved can be controlled by adjusting the ratio and transmission rate. Transmission ratio affects the amount of torque that can be transmitted, while the number of speed levels affects the fineness of the process of transmission and transformation of power in the transmission system. To find a gear ratio between the lowest and highest transmission rate is by geometric progression. The basis of the use of this method is to get the ratio and amount of gear transmission rate of speed at the same engine operating speed so that fuel economy will be the same on each transmission. Modified gear ratio produce traction curve where the distance curve closer adjacent transmission. This indicates a loss of power transmission shifting is getting smaller or in other words the better traction performance. The design of the installation ratio 6-speed, generating traction curve with the distance between the curve near the sting traction, produces good traction or good performance.

Abstract: Every manufacturer requires plant maintenance. Knowing that an effective maintenance system increases sales and decreases maintenance cost of the production facility, maintenance is deemed to be substantial contributions to improved plant profit changing from a necessary evil to a profit centre. Unfortunately, this sometime is a far cry from reality. This paper offers a concept of incorporating risk into maintenance and development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for decision makers in the maintenance department. It helps prioritise critical equipment and select its associated maintenance strategy for optimum results. The results of validating the devised AHP-based software package in a case study company in Indonesia are promising since the company successfully gains 3.65% in Net Line Efficiency and 3.13% in Gross Line Efficiency as well as enjoys an advantage over 4.56 points decrease in Operation Performance Loss.

Abstract: Gamelan Bali is a set of Balinese traditional musical instruments used to accompany a series of cultural and religious ceremonies or performances. The existence of gamelan has been famous to foreign countries. Therefore, gamelan is not only produced for national orders but also for international orders. Almost 75% of gamelan production process is done using traditional method, namely: smelting, forging, grinding (Sruti) to get the basic tone, and assembly. Smelting process uses traditional furnace, where combustion air is blown from the blower through the injector into the combustion chamber of melting furnace. Open model furnace is used so that the heat generated in the combustion of the fuel is not perfect and it consumes more fuel. This condition, of course, impacts on pollutant factors produced in the combustion process and production cost that is relatively high. To minimize that problem, a change in the combustion air shelters form is done. The use of this method in the smelting process is expected to reduce the production cost, especially in fuel use and to reduce pollutants produced in the combustion process. Studies have shown that the application of the above method reduces the fuel consumption up to 20%. The decrease in the fuel consumption due to the fuel (charcoal) is wrapped by more air, thus it makes the fuel combustion process work better.

Abstract: By the end of 2012 the population of motorcycle reached 77.7 million units with their average composition on the road reached 82%. The number of motorcycles produce CO₂ emissions which have a negative impact on global warming. Global warming occurs because the greenhouse effect of CO₂ in the atmosphere absorb heat energy and obstructed the heat from the atmosphere to the higher surface.The data collected in this research is the data of motorcycles fuel consumption. The method of data processing by converting the fuel consumption data to CO₂ emissions using the equation of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) AMS-III Methology. The purpose of this research is to create models of CO₂ emissions on a motorcycle against several influential independent variables such as manufacture, service life, engine displacement (cc) and travel speed. Method analysis using correlation and regression analysis.Based on the regression analysis, the best combination that produces the lowest value of CO₂ is a motorcycle with a combination of manufacture number 2, 5 years service life, engine displacement of 111-149 cc and travel speed of 60 km/h. Whereas from the the correlations analysis obtained the motorcycle of manufacture number 2 able to decrease up to 15% CO₂ and motorcycles with engine displacement of 111-149 cc is able to reduce CO₂ emission from 17% to 43%. While the service life of one year to six years resulting CO₂ emissions which relatively similar with only difference of 15%. Furthermore, the travel speed of 60 km/h able to reduce CO₂ emissions by up to 62%.

Abstract: Studies on the heat transfer characteristics of vertical wave plate subjected to the condensed steam had been done. This research was done to know temperature distribution profiles and heat transfer coefficient on wave plates in vertical position. Temperature profiles were obtained by measuring directly the temperature of test section. On the other hand, determination of heat transfer coefficient was done by using Von Karman’s equation that based on temperature profile.

Abstract: Hydram pump has been found more than two centuries ago, and has been widely developed and operated to this day. However, constraints complaints by the people are easily damaged on its rubber of waste valve and delivery valve of the hydram pump. In addition, the reliability of the plate valve models is also awfully where its rubber of the valve is quickly worn or damaged. It has been reducing the interest of the community in utilizing hydram pumps. Moreover, there is no yet a comprehensive procedure in planning and making dimensions of hydram pump. Then, design of a spherical shaped delivery valve model on the hydram pump has been made ​​and tested. Considering that hydram pump is also called impulse pump which work due to the effects of water hammer, therefore, it need to know the forces that take place in the hydram pump. Then, from these forces can be calculated dimensions of hydram pump and its performance can be predicted. From the results of the study shows that dimensions and performance of the hydram pump is very close to the results of assessment that has been done. Finally, a procedure in planning a hydram pump has been recommended.