Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 785

Abstract: This paper presents findings from optimization of a long-term generation mix for Malaysia electricity power supply using Dynamic Programming (DP) technique. The optimization is modelled to minimize the total costs as the objective function subjects to demand and policy constraints. . Several technologies have been used for generation candidates such as coal, gas and nuclear. The model has been tested on a generation portfolio based on Malaysia power system. Result shows that a balance generation mix for Malaysia in 2030 will be 30% is from coal, 31.6% from gas, 17.5% from nuclear, 6.8% from hydro and 14% from RE.

Abstract: The increasing number of consumer and household appliances causes the rise in home energy use. Therefore, home energy management (HEM) technology is essential to manage and reduce electricity consumption. The objective of this paper is to present an intelligent algorithm for HEM using rule base technique to manage the power consumption with demand response (DR) feature. The scheduling algorithm considers household loads according to the comfort level, customer preference setting and priority of appliance that can be managed at a given time. The algorithm guarantees the total power consumption to be below the electrical demand limit. To exhibit the performance of the proposed HEM, a number of simulations are carried out including DR signal from the network operator. The results show that the algorithm can effectively respond to DR signal, comfort level, customer preference setting and priority of appliance. Furthermore, the algorithm is simple to implement and has flexibility to control the appliances.

Abstract: Distribution system planning involves a set of complex analysis as the amount of data and associated parameters needed for the analysis are huge. Simplified reference network models (or a generic representative network) would help to reduce the amount of data to be handled, and thereby simplify the complexities of analysis. Depending on the parameters used, reference network models could be applied to assess the technical and economic performance of a network, such as, investment consequences against impact of customer end tariff pricing. The inherent idea is to develop a generic reference models that would help to visualize the impact of different planning parameters, such as adequacy, reliability, and quality against cost. These models have the potential capability for flexible usage on fast developing networks. This paper discusses an indigenous conceptual development of a reference network based on the Malaysian distribution system

Abstract: This paper presents a new method to determine the best configuration for a distribution system for a day considering Photovoltaic (PV) generation and load profile. In the first part, the hourly optimal configuration for a day is obtained by using Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and in second part; a selective approach based on minimum total daily power loss is used to select the optimal daily configuration. The proposed method is validated on IEEE 33 bus test system.

Abstract: Recently, renewable energy has been in place to cater the depreciation of main energy. The presence of renewable energy sources can be made in hybrid to satisfy the demand in the distribution system. Nevertheless, the growth in number for renewable energy could lead to cost increment. This paper presents the optimization process of Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) using Modified Evolutionary Strategy (ES) technique for cost minimization. The study involves the development of optimization engine for modified ES in order to solve the cost minimization of HRES. The improved version of ES is expected to address the computation burden experienced by the traditional ES technique. Results obtained from the implementation of the modified ES managed to reveal that its implementation is worth in terms of minimizing the cost

Abstract: The introduction of Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme has prompted an increasing number of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems installations in Malaysia. As a consequence, the network issues related to the PV systems integration need to be properly addressed. This includes the effect of solar irradiance intermittency which is caused by the passing-clouds. In this regard, this paper investigates the effect of passing-cloud on a standard IEEE 4 node test feeder, focusing on short term voltage drop analysis. Actual five-minute interval PV generation data in Melaka, Malaysia was used in the analysis. The network was analyzed by using the well-known OpenDSS tool. The network voltage impact of different PV penetration levels were investigated on both sunny and cloudy days. The results show that temporal voltage drop could occur on the network when there is a sudden drop of PV generation driven by passing-cloud. The percentage of voltage drop recorded was observed to be proportionate to the increment of PV penetration levels.

Abstract: The installation of distributed generation (DG) gives advantages to the environment such as, it contribute in the reduction of non-peak operating cost, diversification of energy resources, lower losses thus improving overall organization. These advantages might be rescinded if no proper location and sizing of DGs are considered before the DG’s installation. This paper offers an optimal location and sizing of multiple DGs using heuristic method called gravitational search algorithm (GSA). The suggested algorithm is tested on 13-bus radial distribution system. This method is being compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO) in terms of system power loss, voltage deviation and total voltage harmonic distortion (THDv). GSA shows the ability to locate and sized DG optimally with a better performance and more reliable than PSO.

Abstract: This paper presents a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (SHRES) to supply alternating current (AC) loads. The interfacing configuration of SHRES sources to the AC bus is discussed. The control strategies based on voltage and frequency (Vf) with droop concept for the stable source and active and reactive (PQ) power control concept for the energy sources are proposed for the SHRES’s stability, power quality and load sharing. The SHRES and the control strategies have been modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC software. Simulation results show the proposed control strategy is shown to be able to regulate the voltage and frequency at the common AC bus.

Abstract: The increasing number of grid-connected solar PV plants today has brought great benefits to the power system. However, it has also created several technical issues that need to be addressed by planning engineers. Due to this reason, the optimization for interconnection of solar PV plants has attracted their attentions, in order to operate these plants safely and economically. In this paper, three key parameters which are the location, size and operating power factor of the solar PV plant are optimized. The proposed method considers the technical constraints of the network such as voltage limits, together with the intermittency of PV generation and system loads. Two case studies are simulated on a typical 11kV distribution system with 54 buses. Results show a reduction in system energy losses for the optimized values, without violating any power system requirements.

Abstract: The reliable renewable energy systems will effective when the optimal output can be achieved. This paper presents a design of the BOS system at the CERE building for low load application. The entire system is being optimized by HOMER Pro software represented the effectiveness system. The HOMER Pro produced the optimal and economic hybrid system configuration. The result indicated the capacity of the PV array is 0.6 kW, 4 units of 1 kWh lead-acid battery and 0.3 kW of inverter was selected to complete the system. The impact of the ambient temperature also has been analysed. The total electrical energy production reduced with considering temperature coefficient. An optimization produced productive configuration over the system lifetime.