Effect of Grain Size on Vickers Microhardness and Fracture Toughness in Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics

Abstract:

Grain size dependences of Vickers microhardness and indentation fracture toughness in fully dense hydroxyapatite bioceramics without additives were studied. The nanostructure and highly pure Hydroxyapatite powders produced by wet chemical precipitation method were used as starting material. After uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing, the green HA samples sintered at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C to 1300 °C with one minute holding time. Dense compacts with grain sizes in the nanometer to micrometer range were processed. The average grain size of HA compact sintered at 1000 °C was around 500 nm. Grain size increased to 3 µm when the compacts were sintered at a higher temperature. The average microhardness value of sintered HA decreased with an increased in grain size. Indentation fracture toughness for HA compacts of 700 nm grain size was 1.41±0.4 MPa.m^1/2 which is similar to fracture toughness of human cortical bone.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 83)
• Pages: 237-243
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.83.237
• Online since: July 2011
• Authors: R. Tolouei, Singh Ramesh, Chou Yong Tan, Mahdi Amiriyan, Wan Dung Teng
• Keywords: Fracture Toughness, Hydroxyapatite (HAP), Microhardness, Sintering

References

[1] L.L. Hench: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. Vol. 84 (2005), pp.18-21.

[2] K. J. Koester, J.W. Ager and R.O. Ritchie: Nat. Mat. Vol. 7 (2008), pp.672-677.

[3] G. Muralithran and S. Ramesh: Ceram. Int. Vol. 26 (2000), pp.221-230.

[4] N. Thangamani, K. Chinnakali and F.D. Gnanam: Ceram. Int. Vol. 28 (2002), pp.355-362.

[5] M. Mazaheri, M. Haghighatzadeh, A.M. Zahedi and S.K. Sadrnezhaad: J. Alloys Compd. Vol. 471 (2009), pp.180-184.

[6] A. Banerjee, A. Bandyopadhyay and S. Bose: Mat. Sci. Eng. C Vol. 27 (2007), pp.729-735.

[7] S. Ramesh, C.Y. Tan, S.B. Bhaduri, W.D. Teng and I. Sopyan: J. Mater. Proc. Technol. Vol. 206 (2008), p.221–30.

[8] Dj. Veljovic, B. Jokic, R. Petrovic and E. Palcevskis: Ceram. Int. Vol. 35 (2009), p.1407–13.

[9] C. Suryanarayana: J. Minerals Metals Mat. Soc. Vol. 54 (2002), pp.24-27.

[10] A.J. Ruys, M. Wei, C.C. Sorrell, M.R. Dickson, A. Brandwood, B. Milthorpe: Biomaterials. Vol. 16 (1995) p.409–415.

DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)98859-c

[11] J. Norton, K.R. Malik, J.A. Darr and I. Rehman: Adv. Appl. Ceram. Vol. 105 (2006), pp.113-139.

[12] C.R. Kothapalli, M. Wei, R.Z. Legeros and M.T. Shaw: J. Mat. Sci. Mat Med. Vol. 16 (2005), pp.441-446.

[13] S. Raynaud, E. Champion and D. Bernache-Assollant: Biomaterials Vol. 23 (2002), p.1073–1080.

DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(01)00219-8

[14] C. Kothapalli, M. Wei, A. Vasiliev, M.T. Shaw: Acta Mater Vol. 52 (2004), p.5655–63.

[15] D. Kinderlehrer: Nature Vol. 446 (2007), pp.995-996.

[16] T. Zhu and J. Li: Prog. Mat. Sci. Vol. 55 (2010), p.710–757.

[17] ASTM E112-96(2004)e2: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2004).

[18] K. Niihara: Bull. Ceram. Soc. Japan. Vol. 20 (1985), p.12–18.

[19] D. Cullity and S.R. Stock: Elements of X-Ray Diffraction (Prentice Hall Inc. (2001) pp.167-170).