Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 897

Abstract: One of the important soil materials for the evaluation of settlement due to consolidation of soil clay is the compression index (Cc). The assessment of its value through laboratory testing is usually time consuming and expensive. Hence to find the most appropriate model prediction, the paper is examined the compression index comparison with soil plasticity material (water content, liquid limit, plasticity index). The analysis is used by multiple regression analysis and some performance indicators such as Coefficient of Determination (R²), Index of Agreement (IA), Prediction Accuracy (PA), Normalized Absolute Error (NAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The result identified the proposed model by Skempton’s, Sidharan, Nagaraj’s and Hough’s are suitable for the compression index (Cc) equation model. Another essential point, the research is found error measurement for soil plasticity index properties. Thus, this prediction model is useful to develop a preliminary assessment of the settlement of structures and carry out suitable action for landslides in Teziutlan, Mexico.

Abstract: This paper presents the complete elastic field of a half space under axisymmetric surface loads by taking the influence of material microstructures into account. A well-known couple stress theory is adopted to handle such small scale effect and the resulting governing equations are solved by the method of Hankel integral transform. A selected numerical quadrature is then applied to efficiently evaluate all involved integrals. A set of results is also reported to not only confirm the validity of established solutions but also demonstrate the capability of the selected mathematical model to simulate the size-dependent characteristic of the predicted response when the external and internal length scales are comparable.

Abstract: This research deals with a case study of clear water rising pumping main to supply drinking water in Adityapur Municipality, Jharkhand, India. Pipes are important and most cost bearing entity in a water pipeline distribution network. Hence proper selection of pipe is most challenging job to pipeline designers. This study shows about various processes involved in order to get an optimum design in respect to the selection of pipes using WaterGEMS software. A 60 MLD Subarnarekha Water Supply Scheme (WSS) is been considered where two numbers 30 MLD pumps with 40 m rated head have been proposed on the basis of two working and two standby modes to fulfill the demand of drinking water. Mainly cost variation is compared due to change in pipe diameter in relation with energy cost against this WSS. As per the data received, the inputs were incorporated and accordingly the results are interpreted. The whole considered network consists 37 pipes and 10 junctions. Various system outputs are been reflected for steady state simulations. An extended period simulation has also been carried out to compute filling time of all tanks according to their water demands. The pumping energy cost comparison is also reflected when a 1200 mm diameter of pipeline is been replaced with 1000 mm pipeline that runs for 4.173 km. This study is an effort to open up the process of cost optimization in pressure pipeline network for implementation in various water supply schemes.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the analysis different methods to enhance theaccuracy, sustainability and energy efficiency of automatic control systems. Shows the constraints on the possibility of increasing the accuracy and stability of automatic control systems. The necessity of the use of self-tuning systems for control of nonstationary objects, which include the installation of thermal processing of building materials and products. Theblock diagram of the analytical self-tuning system optimal reference model.

Abstract: Construction projects are a combination of high complicated procedures that rarely go with the plan. The greatest dangers projects are the construction since it linked with an extraordinary amount of ambiguity and threat and that because of the business activities nature, procedures, and the outside surroundings. This paper investigates the problems during the pre-construction phase and the optimal solution for this problem by using to algorithm, partial swarm and Gravitational search algorithm. The results show that the construction problems have a severe effect on both time and cost and these problems must be treated immediately and this requires sophisticated techniques by using computer science. GSA and PSO are both used and show excellent results in solving these problems, the GSA algorithm shows better results in both the velocity is taken to find the solutions and in the accuracy. PSO is still a good technique in finding the solution and their future recommendation in making an expert system to find the solution more than one project and their interdependency.

Abstract: Construction project costs are often related to the availability of construction materials and proximity to the work site. So this paper studied the effect of transportation of materials on the cost of construction projects in the desert and identified the increment percentages of materials cost in comparison with main cities and re-accounted the BOQ items prices in the desert cities. The results showed that the cost of some works may be doubled in the desert areas due to lack of construction materials and high transport costs.

Abstract: There is increasing awareness of life cycle costing (LCC) by the management who has lengthy experience in the operation and maintenance of the building. Maintenance of buildings includes a replacement, updating, and repair building components by predetermined standards. This paper aim at developing a prototype of building maintenance system for a campus in Yogyakarta. The prototype is referred to ISO 15686 as well as Regulation of Minister of Public Works. The system complements the service life of the building components that can be up dated regularly. The system accommodates the 25-years life cycle cost plan to assist campus management office. Research data obtained by Building Maintenance personals, the users of the building as well as previous studies for similar ones. From the results of life cycle costing, the study shows its detail life cycle cost plan.. Finally, a prototype for the operation and maintenance of the building is developed. Keywords: operation and maintenance, campus building, ISO 15686, life cycle costing

Abstract: The number of destroyed cities in Iraq has increased significantly over the last five years. It presents a negative impact on the country's economy on the one hand and on the environment on the other. Reconstruction of these cities requires substantial capital to provide building materials needed for reconstruction and this leads to depletion of natural resources. This paper aims at finding an effective management method that contributes to the investment of the remnants of the components of destroyed buildings, including reinforcing steel, using the building information modelling (BIM) technique. The results showed that the amount of steel reinforcement that can be obtained from the destroyed buildings is enormous. Therefore, these quantities must be addressed through reusing or recycling. The sale of these quantities as recycling materials can provide a large income which can be added to the capital of the project.

Abstract: . The flow pattern on the combined effect of a horizontal cylinder and a vertical plate is observed and analysed in this experimental study. The experiment was conducted with a 4 cm outer diameter cylinder arranged horizontally across flow above 2 cm from the bed and a vertical plate of 5 cm placed 9 cm downstream from cylinder surface reference as tilting flume bed surface. The water depth was maintained at 17 cm through a constant discharge of 35 lps in a re-circulating flume. Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) was used to store the velocity fluctuation of velocity components and further used as a pictorial frame to understand the turbulence and the turbulent kinetic energy around the cylinder, plate and in between the cylinder - vertical plate. From the pictorial contour diagrams drawn, the velocity vector represents the flow feature over the cylinder and it is found that a horseshoe vortex, developed upstream of the plate, does effect on turbulent kinetic energy formed in between cylinder and vertical plate. The observation and obtained results from present study is compared with a 5 cm horizontal cylinder above 2 cm from the bed and a plate situated on 5.5 cm from cylinder curvature towards downstream.

Abstract: To evaluate and compare the accuracy of bracket placement in three bracket transfer media techniques for indirect bonding. A total of 300 brackets were bonded on dental casts by indirect bonding techniques using three different bracket transfer media. The bracket positions were simulated by digital software. In the first two methods, digital models were designed with two types of markers, one with fully mocked up bracket (container method), and another with only marked bracket margins (marker method), then the models were printed out by a three-dimensional (3D) printer using pink resin and bracket transfer trays were vacuum formed on these models with polyvinylsiloxane. In the third methods, digital software was used to design full arch transfer trays, and printed by a stereolithographic 3D printer using elastic resin. With the transfer trays, the brackets were bonded onto dental stone casts, and a 3D model scanner was used to capture the final bracket positions on the casts. Superimpositions between the planned and actual bracket positions were done. Nonparametric statistical analyses were used to determine whether there were significant differences between planned and actual bracket positions and between the three methods. All significant differences in bracket position were less than 0.31 mm and most (95%) were less than 0.08 mm. Significant differences between all three methods were found. Indirect bonding methods using digital software combined with 3D printing show good accuracy with clinically insignificant positional discrepancies of less than 0.5mm.