Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 901

Abstract: Fruits and vegetables pack with various antioxidant compounds which are known as an essential constituent for maintaining health. Unfortunately, the shelf life of fresh produces is short after harvesting. As a result, a dehydration process by converting freshly harvested parts into powders can be an alternative to extend the storage period. The powder delivers not only nutrients, flavor, color, and texture, but the dehydrated form is also easy for storage, transportation, and is used as an ingredient in healthy products. However, the loss of essential nutrients can besides occur during the dehydration process. In order to develop superfoods, choosing the type of fruits and vegetables which can maintain the highest both favor and nutritional is the most crucial consideration to gain the highest phytonutrients after the preservative process. This study was designed to explore and evaluate the potential of tropical Thai’s fruit and vegetable powders on antioxidant activity based on total phenolic compound (TPC) compared with the commercial superfoods outside the country. The TPC was assessed based on the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR), correlating with antioxidant capacities. Gallic acid equivalents (GAE) in milligrams per gram dry of the sample was expressed. The highest GAE of the imported product (from a total of nine samples) was found to be 11.32+0.09 mg whereas the highest level of the total polyphenols was found in Thai’s veggies (Teaw) and fruit (Emblica) at 152.16+11.10 and 134.82+2.27, respectively. These GAE values are higher than the GAE values of selected imported fruits and veggies, which are well known as superfood constituents.

Abstract: This research aims to study the biological activities of Khlu (Pluchea indica (L) Less) for the development of herbal tea. The leaves of Khlu were analyzed, including proximal composition using the AOAC method, antioxidant by DPPH radical scavenging assay, and total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu's method. The sensory quality assessment of Khlu tea with randomized complete block design (RCBD). The mean was analyzed for the variance of ANOVA and analyzed for the difference of mean values using LSD method. The results showed that the fresh and dried leaves of methanol extract were showed the optimal of the DPPH values and the highest of total phenolic content. The optimal condition for the process of making Khlu tea was the temperature at 70 °C for 7 hours. The scores of sensory evaluation in terms of appearance, color, aroma, flavor (astringent) and overall were 7.37 ± 1.22, 7.23 ± 1.16, 6.97 ± 1.30, 7.00 ± 1.14 and 7.63 ± 1.10, respectively. These represent the potential of food crops for food sustainable use of biodiversity.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of the Xylocarpus granatum Koen fruits extract. The phytochemical analysis was performed for alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, anthraquinone, and cardiac glycoside. The fruits of X. granatum was separated by maceration and sequential extraction method with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol to crude extracts. Crude extracts were assessed for their total phenolic contents tested using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and DPPH radical scavenging assay using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results showed that phytochemical screening of X. granatum fruits have the presence of alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, anthraquinone, and cardiac glycoside. The crude methanol extract had the highest phenolic content and reduced DPPH; it supports traditional uses in folk medicine.

Abstract: Lime plant has an absolute requirement of nutrients for growing. The microbial application can facilitate in addressing limited access to chemical fertilizer concern. Moreover, the photosynthetic microorganism community can contribute together in nutrient availability for plant growing and fruiting. The objectives of this research were analyzed the growth rate of photosynthetic microorganism in a fermented juice within three months. A fermented juice was analyzed in terms of MLSS, COD, and nutrient. The efficiencies of fermented juice of lime plant growing, and fruiting was also investigated. The lime plant growth rate was collected in terms of plant height, and fruiting. The experimental results showed that the concentration of microbes in a fermented juice was maintained approximately 1,063 ± 135 mg/L on average (n=5). The photosynthetic microorganism concentration and nutrients concentration in fermented juice was a significant promotion of productivity of lime plant growing and fruiting.

Abstract: The DC reactive magnetron sputtering method was employed to deposit Titanium Chromium Nitride (TiCrN) thin film on silicon (100) substrates. The coatings were annealed at different temperature from 700°C to 1000°C with increase step of 100 °C in air for 2 h. The crystal structure, surface morphologies, microstructure and chemical compositions were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The x-ray patterns confirmed the TiO₂ rutile structure with strong preferred orientation of (101) plane was appeared from 700°C. The crystallinity of film increased with the annealing temperatures. The lattice constant (a and c) were in the range of 4.565 – 4.607 Å and 2.946 – 2.956 Å. The void between grain boundaries was confirmed by FE-SEM micrograph. The cross-sectional analysis revealed that the porous structure with enhancement of thickness from 1.64 - 1.95 μm were obtained as increase annealing temperatures. The EDX results indicated that the O content increase from 0 – 60.67 At% whereas the Ti, Cr, and N contents were decreased from 43.26 - 22.40 At%, 20.65 – 2.57 At% and 51.19 – 14.36 At% through the annealing temperatures.

Abstract: TiCrN thin films have been prepared using a reactive DC magnetron sputtering system from a mosaic target. The effects of sputtering current, in the range of 300 to 700 mA, on the structure of the thin films were investigated. The crystal structure, microstructure, thickness, and composition were characterized by GI-XRD, FE-SEM and EDS technique, respectively. The results revealed that all the as-deposited films were formed as a (Ti,Cr)N solid solution. The as-deposited TiCrN films showed a nanostructure with a crystallite size less than 70 nm. The crystal sizes of all planes were in the range of 22.2 to 69.9 nm. The lattice constants were in the range of 4.149 Å to 4.175 Å. The thickness increases from 1630 nm to 4910 nm with increasing the sputtering current. The elemental composition (Ti Cr and N contents) of the as-deposited films were varied with the sputtering current. Lastly, the all of the thin films in this work showed compact columnar and dense morphology as a resulted of increasing the sputtering current.

Abstract: Recently cold spray coating technology was used for many applications in petrochemical business especially for high temperature required section. For this reason, the applied coating must be able to withstand at least 800 °C. The developed Ni/Cr cold spray coating was studied mainly on high temperature resistant property. Ni/Cr with the ratio of 80/20 feedstock powders revealed the highest deposition efficiency and it was selected to use as optimum feedstock powder compositions for the less of experimental study. Finally, it was found that Ni/Cr cold spray coatings reveal excellent thermal stability performance after completed both corrosion and thermal shock tests.

Abstract: Thermal spraying is a technology which improves and restores the surface of a solid material. The process can be used to apply coatings to a wide range of materials and components, in order to provide resistance to wear, erosion, cavitation, corrosion, abrasion or heat. In this paper, the study of abrasive and erosive properties of Cr₃C₂/20%NiCr and FeCrB + Al thermal sprayed coating samples were focused. It was revealed that both received thermal spray coating samples show outstanding abrasive and erosive resistance properties.

Abstract: This presentation focuses on the high-frequency of cyclic measurement that can be used for minimizing the effect of mechanical hysteresis. By this experiment, the investigating conditions include the periods of cyclic loading were varied as following: 1500, 1250, 1000, and 500 counts per period and the time interval between the periods of cyclic loading was fixed at 1 hour. After modifying procedures, it was found that the linearity of characteristic curve with condition of 500 counts per period demonstrated more clearly than random one. Finally, the linking between the Active Weight Loading (AWL) and the Weight Loading (WL) elucidated using the characteristic curves, while, the cyclic measuring of AWL exhibited in the ranging: 7.0 to 110.0 N which were exhibited using the Graphical User Interface (GUI), respectively.