Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Opening on the Strength of Masonry Wall

Abstract:

Masonry is used as a construction material since old age. It is a cheaper construction material compared to R.C.C. and also requires comparatively less construction skills. During an earthquake, the masonry wall constructed following the codal provisions shows preliminary behaviour in the in-plane direction of wall and it has lesser deformation in the out-of-plane direction of the wall. Although, the strength and stiffness of the Un-Reinforced Masonry (URM) walls were reduce due to sizes and positions of openings, the relationship between the seismic capacity of the walls and the position and size of opening in walls are not clear. Researchers in the past mostly explored the in-plane behaviour of solid masonry wall without opening. Considering the openings in these walls can significantly affect the strength of the masonry wall. Hence, in the present study, an attempt is made to understand the effect of varying opening sizes (4 different combinations of door and/or window openings) in unreinforced masonry wall using finite element software CATIA. From this software, URM walls were modeled and load based quasi-static analysis were done in in-plane direction. The collapse mechanisms of the masonry walls and crack patterns are studied from the analysis and a key output from this work is the characterization of the relationships between the sizes and positions of openings and the in-plane performance of masonry walls.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 911)
• Pages: 19-25
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-z95i0o
• Online since: January 2023
• Authors: Joel Joseph Shelton*, Nisar Basha, A. Arun Solomon, C. Daniel
• Keywords: CATIA, Earthquake, Masonry Wall, Quasi-Static Analysis

References

[1] Chellappa, S., and Dubey, R. (2017). Performance Evaluation of a Reinforced Masonry Model and an Unreinforced Masonry Model Using a Shake Table Testing Facility,. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 32, No. 1, p.04017121–1 – 04017121–9.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001119

[2] Oyguc, R., and Oyguc, E. (2017). 2011 Van Earthquakes: Lessons from Damaged Masonry Structures,. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Vol. 31, No. 5, pp.04017062-1 – 04017062-20.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001057

[3] Salmanpour, A., Mojsilovic, N., and Schwartz, J. (2013). Deformation capacity of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane loading: a state-of-the-art review., International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.1-12.

DOI: 10.1186/2008-6695-5-22

[4] Tomazevic, M. (1999). Earthquake-Resistant-Design-of-Masonry-Buildings,. Imperical College Press, Covent Garden, London.

[5] Parisi, F., and Augenti, N. (2013). Seismic capacity of irregular unreinforced masonry walls with openings,. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, Vol. 42, No. 1, p.101–121.

DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2195

[6] Ghobarah, A., and El Mandooh Galal, K. (2004). Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Walls with Openings,. Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol. 8, No. 4, p.298–305.

DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2004)8:4(298)

[7] Tama, Y. S., Solak, A., Çetinkaya, N., Şen, G., Yılmaz, S., and Kaplan, H. (2013). Damages to unreinforced masonry buildings by the Van earthquakes of 23 October and 9 November 2011,. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 2, p.329–337.

DOI: 10.5194/nhess-13-329-2013

[8] Orduna, A., Lourenço, P. B. (2001)., Limit Analysis as a Tool for the SimplifiedAssessment of Ancient Masonry Structures. Historical Constructions. P. B. Lourenço,P. Roca (Eds), Guimaraes.

[9] Lourenço, P. B. (2002). Computations on historic masonry structures: Historic Masonry Structures,. Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials, Vol. 4, No. 3, p.301–319.

DOI: 10.1002/pse.120

[10] Agnihotri, P., Singhal, V., and Rai, D. C. (2013). Effect of in-plane damage on out-of-plane strength of unreinforced masonry walls,. Engineering Structures, Vol. 57, p.1–11.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.004

[11] SP 20: (1991). Handbook on Masonry Design and Construction,. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[12] IS 4326 (2013). Indian Standard Earthquake Resistant Design and Constuction of Buildings - Code of Practice.