Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 917

Abstract: This study appears to focus on the application of metal additive manufacturing and generative designs to create more efficient and sustainable metallic components. The methodology developed in this study takes a comprehensive approach, from component selection to validation of outputs, which can lead to more efficient use of metallic parts in the future. Here CATIA V5 R20 used to create three new models of a fast connector socket (FCS) components, and then using ANSYS Workbench 16.0 apply the working load limit of 4.5 ton load with AISI 4142 380 qt steel alloy material used to the models to analysis. The Autodesk Fusion 360 software was then used to create generative designs for the fast connector socket models, which aimed to reduce mass, size, and material of the model while maintaining its effectiveness. The generative design approach used in this study is inspired by nature's evolutionary design process and considers production processes and cost restrictions. This approach can lead to the creation of more efficient and sustainable metallic components that can be used in various applications, including mechanical, marine, mining, construction, load lifting, pulling, and holding. Overall, this study highlights of the potential benefits. The comprehensive methodology used in this study can be applied to other metallic component designs to improve their efficiency and sustainability.

Abstract: This article presents the results of experimental processing of hydrocarbons (petroleum and mixtures based on them) on a laboratory stand. Cavitation treatment was carried out in flow-type rotary-pulsation apparatus with different impeller diameters and rotor rotation frequencies. The aim of the work was to determine the most effective processing mode for oil blends and distillates within the framework of laboratory experiments.

Abstract: Majority of the advancements, which have been made in the field of robotics are employed in household applications. Surveillance systems are used in guarding and security applications of household and workplaces. This paper presents an advanced surveillance system which integrates sensor system, robot technology and intelligent programming. Robotic surveillance system can be used to replace human guards in dangerous surveillance conditions. Several robots have been developed to assist in these operations. But the full scale employment of robots in crucial fields such as surveillance, security in defence industries and military bases is very limited. The system's overall structure is described, along with descriptions of each component. The robotic system consists of robot eyes, which are capable of sensing an object through IR sensor capability. This robotic system helps in the identification of human presence and alerting respective owners. These operations, performed by the robotic system are achieved using sensors, several number of servo motors, Arduino microcontroller. These components are placed in their respective locations, within a body which is fabricated using the 3D printing technology. The sensors in the robotic system capture the movements of objects. The robotic eyes are fitted with cameras which capture the movements. The robotic system is programmed in such a way that the robotic eyes, move in the direction of object which has been sensed by the sensors and focus on it. If there are multiple moving objects, then one robotic eye focuses on one object, while the other robotic eye focuses on another object. The captured surveillance footage can be viewed through a monitor connected to the robotic system.

Abstract: In the present work, Thermo elastic analysis is performed on a functionally graded cylinder to investigate combined effect of pressure and thermal load. It is assumed that the material of the cylinder is functionally graded in which the properties are vary continuously along the thickness based on a power law function. Results are obtained using Finite element-based software ANSYS. To know the accuracy of the present approach, results are confirmed with available literature. Furthermore, the effect of the temperature rising on the distribution of the displacement and stress for different values of gradation index are investigated in the paper. From the results it is concluded that replacing the traditional material with functionally graded material is helpful in the design of pressure vessels.

Abstract: 3D printing is an emerging technology that creates parts straight from CAD models. Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is a 3D printing method that is becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace, medical, and orthopedics sectors. These are usually focused on precise, long-lasting, and lightweight parts. DMLS is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique that employs a laser to sinter a selected area of a metallic powder layer by layer to produce the required metal components. The heating power of the laser was discovered to have a strong effect on phase formation. The major issue with this process is that high residual and large deformations are introduced to the components during manufacturing. This causes a change in the fatigue strength of a part and can even lead to cracks. The quality of the DMLS parts is affected by various process parameters. In this study, the design of experiments is used to investigate the consequences of process parameters used in the DMLS process to make metal parts. Process parameters such as laser power and scanning speed must be identified because they have the largest influence on the part's characteristics. (Build time, part accuracy). The change in the controlling parameters, or process parameters, in the DMLS method, has been found to affect material properties, according to a literature review. Thus, in the proposed work, three process parameters laser speed, scanning speed, and hatching distance are taken into account at two distinct levels. L4 orthogonal arrays are used in the studies. Experimental research is done on the manufacturing process, build time and component accuracy. Finally, the impact of each parameter on the quality aspects is discussed based on the experimental findings.

Abstract: The prototype of the compressed air foam system was improved based on the evaluation of the numerical parameters obtained with the help of the developed mathematical model of the foam generation process and the pneumatic-hydraulic scheme. The prototype provides the possibility of foam generation both in autonomous mode, due to the installation of cylinders with compressed gas, and in stationary mode, due to the supply of compressed air from an external source. This allows the use of an improved model of the compressed air foam system both in stationary mode (dry pipes, gas stations, etc.) and for use on heavy and light fire trucks, which is important for large cities. Testing of the improved prototype of the system for extinguishing model fires was carried out. The system provides extinguishing of model fires of class 183 B and 144 B when using both a general-purpose foaming agent and a special film-forming foaming agent. When using a film-forming foaming agent, the extinguishing time was reduced by 1.75 times, the consumption of fire extinguishing solution by 1.47 times. But at the same time, it should be taken into account that the cost of the film-forming foaming agent Sofir (sofirafff 6 %) is more than 3.2 times the cost of the general-purpose foaming agent Sofir. The effectiveness of the improved model in extinguishing class A fires was also confirmed. The autonomous compressed air foam system ensures extinguishing of a class 4 A model fire in 90 seconds. Dry foam with a factor of 14 is noted to be more effective in extinguishing solid combustible substances.

Abstract: The work theoretically substantiated and practically implemented the technical solution for supplying the components of gel-forming system (GFS). This allows implementing the concept of using gels to protect tanks with oil products from thermal emission. The response time in case of fire at the unloading-loading racks is determined. Criteria for supplying GFS components for cooling the walls of railway tanks have been developed. The ejection method for supplying GFS components is defined as promising. A device that allows supplying GFS components without structural changes in standard firefighting equipment has been developed and manufactured.

Abstract: For operational extinguishing of fire-hazardous equipment under a subway car, a modernized under-weight extinguishing trolley is proposed. For supplying components of gel-forming compositions Na₂O·2,7SiO₂ + NH₄H₂PO₄ sprayers of the "segener wheel" type were used. This made it possible to create a finely dispersed fog of gel-forming compounds under the subway car, ensuring uniform and stable adhesion of the gel layers to all surfaces under the car. When conducting experimental studies on the extinguishing of model fires, which are close in their configuration to a sub-weighted space, the effective parameters of the dispersion of drops of gel-forming compositions in 1,6 mm were determined. Uniformly stable adhesion of gel-forming compositions when finely dispersed allowed to reduce the consumption of fire extinguishing agent by at least 25% compared to previously used technical solutions.

Abstract: This article analyzes the current state of explosion protection in the world. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the main modern method of explosion protection is the use of easy-dropped construction (hereinafter - EDC). There are various methods for calculating the required area of the EDC, but to confirm the reliability of the calculations, the selection of the material that performs the function of the EDC, geometrical parameters and excess pressure of operation, it is necessary to conduct experimental research. The existing experimental devices for testing EDC for excess explosion pressure are given. The designs and drawbacks of these devices are considered. The design features of the constructed unit for checking the functionality of elements of easy-dropped construction (hereinafter referred to as the unit) and the main advantages compared to other experimental units are described. A scheme of the device and its structure is given. The required amount of propane-butane was calculated to obtain an excess explosion pressure of 5 kPa. Based on the results of the tests, a graph of the change in the excess pressure of the explosion over time is plotted and the value of the excess pressure of the explosion in a closed volume depending on the concentration of the gas mixture of propane-butane with air, which is formed in the closed volume, and the change in the excess pressure of the explosion after the activation of the EDC were investigated. A graph of the influence of the concentration of the gas-air mixture on the excess pressure acting on the EDC is plotted. The design parameters of the device and its location, the limit values of the excess pressure of the explosion, the minimum amount of gas to create the required excess pressure of the explosion are substantiated. The considered device provides an experimental determination of the values of the overpressure of the operation of EDC of typical sizes and allows conducting experimental research of the operation of the EDC under the influence of various values of the overpressure of the explosion with the required accuracy.