Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1020

Abstract: To prevent materials from mould damage nanostructured metallic coatings were used. Silver, copper and titanium coatings were deposited on different materials. Deposition of metal from plasma flow, generated by vacuum-arc discharge, forms coating with highly dispersed polycrystalline structure. Average size of metal grains in copper or titanium coatings is ~10-15 nm, in silver coatings it reaches ~ 20-25 nm. Both paper and plastic materials with nanostructured metallic coatings showed high fungitoxicity unlike the same metal plates. The reason of that phenomenon may be that during oxygen chemisorption oxides of metals occur. Metals and their oxides formed coating with a highly polycrystalline structure and their fungi toxicity can vary.

Abstract: The processing of surface of stone elements, as a result of which they are getting the relevant texture and the surface quality, is one of main requirements in the masonry production. As a result of finishing processing in the process of grinding, the surfaces should have a regular appearance of the surface.They should conform to certain requirements of norms on all exposed surfaces. This process can be conducted with grinders: knee, arterial or bridge. These machines are working with so-called heads equipped with abrasive fillers in the form of sections about different geometrical shapes fixed to the processing head which is a so-called load-bearing shield. Ensuring the appropriate quality, smoothness of mineral surface is significant for: - receiving required physical and mechanical parameters what has the significant influence on the operating period and running costs associated with it, - keeping the purity of the surface, what reduce the time of cleaning i.e. maintenance of the object, - utrzymania czystości powierzchni, co zmniejsza czas sprzątania tzn. utrzymania obiektu, - aesthetic and architectural adventages. Providing the high quality for the surface is depending on effectiveness of the influence of operating units which they comprise i.a. geometrical form of so-called rubbing sections. The article is devoted to the methodology of the evaluation of effectiveness of the processing which among others rubbing geometry tools determines.

Abstract: New technologies of reinforcement works have been developed. The results of studies have been recommended to be applied in engineering methods to calculate manufacturing of reinforcement units. Oscillation cutting has been theoretically grounded, the physical nature and process of oscillation cutting and shaping have been studied.

Abstract: Wood, because of its aesthetic values and favorable physical properties is a material commonly used in building engineering. While designing construction elements made of wood it is worth to focus on the fire exposure of such elements, as wood is a combustible material. In order to increase fire resistance of wooden beams it was suggested to insert aramid ropes in the lower part of the beam section. The article presents the numerical analysis of the beams made of glulam, reinforced with composite aramid ropes (AFRP) situated respectively in one and in two rows from the bottom of the beams and comparative beam which was unreinforced. In an analysis it was assumed that the beams were exposed to fire. The value of temperature of the beams while being exposed to fire was based on a fire curve ISO R834. The analysis was made on the basis of numerical models. Because of the changes in mechanical-physical properties of wood together with the increasing temperature, for the calculations there were used reduction factors included in Eurocode 5. On the basis of numerical calculations the positive influence of reinforcement of wooden beams with aramid ropes on their fire resistance was proven.

Abstract: The activity of metakaolin which is thermal activated by kaolin originated from Shandong Zaozhuang in different temperature for 2h is evaluated by mortar strength method and acid-alkali dissolution method. The results show that metakaolin has good pozzolanic activity which is affected by calcined temperature mainly. The mortar strength method is much exact but need more time, and the acid-alkali dissolution evaluation method only need one day to two days. By comparing the results of mortar strength and the acid-alkali dissolution, it is found that the two evaluation methodologies of activity have correlation which means that acid-alkali dissolution evaluation method of metakaolin can be used instead of mortar strength method.

Abstract: The application of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has environmental benefits, social benefits and economic benefits, which has profound significance to the sustainable development of society. However, recycled aggregate (RA) has a large porosity, high water absorption, high crush index, etc. In addition, the interface transition zone (ITZ) is the weak link of RAC, which has limited the application of RAC. Based on the advance of RAC, by discussing the characteristic of the ITZ of RAC, this paper proposes a secondary manufacturing shell mixing approach (SMSMA), and the mechanism of this mixing approach and its effect on performance of RAC are analyzed. Compared with the test of normal mixing approach (NMA), it indicates that compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of RAC through SMSMA are generally increased by about 10% ~ 25% and 10% ~ 40% at 28 days respectively, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient are generally declined by about 10% ~ 15% at 28 days, but the liquidity of RAC is not improved. What's more, with replacement rate of RA dropping, the improvement of the performance of RAC tends to be better.

Abstract: The article presents ways of constructing concrete road surface built with the polygon technology. It discusses ways of finishing the texture of the surface to obtain proper anti-skidding properties. It presents the results of research on the influence of various concrete surface texture parameters and surface inclination to the horizontal on the effectiveness and the rate of rainwater drainage.

Abstract: Chloride ion etching is a significant reason for the damage of the reinforced concrete structures. Diffusion effect is considered to be the main form of which the chloride ion invades into the reinforced concrete structures. Assuming infinite diffusion medium, based on the Chlorine ion diffusion equation, and accounting for the effects of temperature and moisture, models of chloride diffusion in two-dimensional infinite body with consistent coefficient of diffusion and different coefficient of diffusion in both directions are formulated .Two-dimensional chloride ion diffusion behavior was simulated, which proved the diffusion coefficient has a larger effect on the diffusion behavior of the chloride ion. Through these comparisons, we can analysis that model with different coefficient of diffusion in both directions is more suitable for the actual conditions.

Abstract: Metallurgical by-products, primarily blast furnace and steel slag, have ranked among important alternative sources of fill as well as of material for the structural layers in highways. The properties of aggregates based on blast furnace or steel slag are determined to a decisive degree by the process employed by the specific ironmaker or steelmaker in question, or as the case may be, the specific producer of a nonferrous metal. Main hazards of metallurgical by-products are closely connected to their chemical and mineralogical composition and they are resulted in volume changes. Pavement deformation of the D47 motorway does not constitute Czech Republic’s first example of damage to an engineering structure due to volume changes of metallurgical by-products, but since this problem became widely known it drew greater attention to the problems of volume stability of the metallurgical by-products. Comparison of blast furnace slag, steel slag and other metallurgical by products parameters allow us to define the most hazardous material as steelworks waste. It is surprising that such material obtained a certificate based on which it was used as fill.

Abstract: Masonry structures are widely spread type of constructions with long history not only in Central Europe. Current modern masonry is however quite different from traditional masonry made from stone or bricks. Development of new modern technologies of construction and materials as well as the societal and environmental requirements have influenced masonry in last decades to such extend that nowadays the masonry structures are made from very sophisticated masonry elements of wide range of characteristics. This naturally leads to changes in proposed procedures which have to take into account significantly different parameters both of the masonry as well as the material and also the masonry structures as the whole in interaction with other parts of the buildings.