Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1025-1026

Abstract: A comparison between slow heating to aging temperature and direct charging at aging temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties obtained after the aging was established for the metastable beta (β) titanium alloy Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn. The alloy was subjected to two single aging (SA) and two duplex aging (DA) conditions, with two heating rates to aging temperature: (i) low heating rate of 5 ^oC/min (ii) direct charging into a furnace heated to aging temperature. The microstructure analysis was carried out using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Mechanical Testing was carried to evaluate Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), 0.2% Yield Strength (YS), % Elongation (%El.), % Reduction in area (%RA) and hardness. In the case of SA samples aged at 500 °C for 8 h and 500 °C for 10 h, heating rate of 5 °C/min to aging temperature resulted in a finer microstructure but did not help in achieving better strength-ductility combination compared to direct charging. Lower rate of heating allows enough dwell time in the temperature range 250-300 ^oC for pre-precipitation reaction to occur which aids in fine scale precipitation of alpha phase during aging. In the case of DA samples aged at 250 ^oC for 24 h followed by 500 ^oC for 8 h and 300 ^oC for 10 h followed by 500 ^oC for 10 h, no tangible difference between lower rate of heating and direct charging was observed in mechanical properties or microstructure. This is believed to be due to the pre-aging steps 250 ^oC/24 h or 300 ^oC/10h in the two DA treatments, which create finely distributed precursors thereby leaving no scope for the heating rate to play a role.

Abstract: Found that Organophosphorus Compounds Reduce the Flammability of Resol Phenoplast Foams. Quality Improves Thermal Insulation Materials, the Use of such Phenolicfoam. Analysis of Using the Heat-Insulating Materialsindicates that Heat Insulation Made with Filling Phenol Foam Plastics Havinglow Heat-Conductivity and Relatively Low Cost of Raw Materials is Superior Bytheir Technical and Economic Performance to Mineral and other Polymericheat-Insulating Materials. Meanwhile, Relatively Low Strength and Smolderingpropensity of Resole Foam Phenol Plastics, as well as Excessive Fumes Duringthe Production Process of Heat-Insulating Materials on their Base, Containwider Usage of Phenol Foam Plastics in Building.

Abstract: This research objective is to study the microstructural modification by Al additions in cast nickel base superalloy, GTD-111 by means of vacuum arc melting process. The Al additions to the alloy were 1, 2 and 3% by weight. After that, all casted specimens were performed with different reheat treatment conditions, which consist of solutioning temperatures of 1125°C, 1145°C, 1165°C, 1185°C and 1205°C, respectively, for 6 hours following with precipitation aging at 845°C for 24 hours. After all reheat treatments, the microstructures were investigated and analyzed by SEM. From all obtained results, it was founded that the specimens with Al additions for 1-2%wt. following with reheat treatment show the decrease in size of γ’ precipitated particles when increasing solutioning temperatures. 3%wt. of Al addition was too high content resulting in already improper microstructural characteristics. However all obtained data of area fractions of precipitate phase were almost the same. Effect of Al addition and solutioning temperature did not provide any significant effect in this case. The mechanical property behavior: hardness was investigated by using Vickers hardness tester. It was found that the hardness all was very similar and increased with higher solutioning temperatures.

Abstract: Poly (lactic acid) or PLA is one of the most promising biodegradable and bio-based materials commercially available for the manufacturing of environmentally friendly plastic products. Although, PLA has high modulus and biodegradable property, its brittleness and low thermal stability are the disadvantages. Several means have been explored so as to overcome this drawback, i.e. copolymerization, addition of some additives as well as blending with other polymers. The polymer blending technique has attracted the most attention because of its simplicity and economical reason. It was reported that the addition of a polyolefin elastomer e.g. poly (ethylene-co-octene) or POE in PLA matrix can effectively improve its brittleness. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the effect of the amount of POE on mechanical properties of the polymer blends. POE was also modified with glycidyl methacrylate in order to improve the compatibility between the two polymers. The results pointed out that the impact strength of PLA markedly increased while tensile and flexural properties of the blends were slightly lower than that of neat PLA. It was also observed that the tensile and flexural properties were slightly higher when the modified POE was used rather than those with unmodified POE which indicated the improved interfacial compatibility between two polymers.

Abstract: 4-Chloro-3,5-dinitropyrazole(ClDNP) as an insensitive energetic compound has been prepared with 4-Chloropyrazole(4-ClP)via nitrated by mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The reactionconditions were investigated, such as the molar ratio of 4-chloropyrazole and HNO₃, reaction temperature, reaction time. Through the single factor experiment, the optimum reaction condition was determined that the molar ratio of 4-chloropyrazole and HNO₃ was 1:4, the reaction time was 4h, the reaction temperature was 100-105°C. The yield of the ClDNP was up to 73.8% under the above conditions．The ClDNP was re-crystallization by methylbenzene.The target product was characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and Gauss Photography．

Abstract: This research studies on the effects of microwave heating of oil palm fruits for the sterilization. The conventional uses steam heating for sterilization of oil palm fruit brunches. The sterilization is requires as a pretreatment to deactivate enzymes that increase the free fatty acid content (FFA) before oil extraction. The conventional treatment of sterilization produces the large amount of waste water from the palm oil mill process. So, microwave heating is used in this research for solving this problem and improving of crude palm oil quality. In experiment, the oil palm fruits were heated for 1-5 min after that oil was extracted by solvent extraction. Oil content (OC), Moisture content (MC), Deterioration Of Bleachability Index (DOBI), carotene content (CC) and FFA were investigated. The optimum condition was 850W for 2 min of heating time. The chemical properties were 84.14% of OC, 8.49% of MC in mesocarp, 2.36 of DOBI, 882.55 ppm of CC and 3.40% of FFA. Fronm the results of chemical properties indicated that microwave heating is good technique for sterilization of palm oil fruits when compared with steam treatment.

Abstract: The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) are important ones of antioxidant defense systems. Malonaldehyde (MDA) is formed as an end product of lipid peroxidation. Soybean peptides possess antioxidant activity. In previous study, the antioxidant activities of soybean peptides were determined in vitro. The male ICR mice were intragastrically administered by different molecular weight and dose of soybean antioxidant peptides (SAP) for 60 days. Control group was treated with saline by intragastric administration for 60 days. The SOD, GSH-Px, CAT activity and MDA level were determined in serum. The results suggested the SAP of 1-3k Da had the ability to increase significantly GSH-Px and SOD activity and decrease significantly MDA level at different dose (100 and 200 mg/kg/d) compared with control group (P < 0.05). The SAP of 3-10k Da (200 mg/kg/d) enhanced the GSH-Px activity and decreased significantly MDA level compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The SAP of 10-30k Da (200 mg/kg/d) had the lowest MDA level among all the groups. All the SAP groups and positive control group cannot increase the CAT activity.

Abstract: Recombinant E. coli strain was used to yield alkaline protease. The effects of components of medium and condition of incubation for the growth state of a recombinant strain including glucose concentration, peptone concentration, volume of salt solution, incubation time and agitation frequency on density of recombinant strain were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time experiment. The optimal components of medium were glucose concentration of 8 g/L, peptone concentration of 6 g/L and volume of salt solution 10 mL. And condition of incubation was obtained at agitation frequency of 210 r/min, keep it at 37°C for 32 h.

Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different coagulation-flocculation conditions on the levels of natural organic matter removal for several mineralized water types in Algeria. First, trials are carried out on solutions prepared by dissolving humic acid in media with various degree of mineralization (distilled water and mineralized Algerian groundwater), using aluminium sulphate as coagulant. The effectiveness of the coagulation process appeared to depend not only on the pH of coagulation and coagulant dosages, but also inorganic constituents in water. Results showed obviously a stoechiometric relationship between the initial concentration of humic substances and optimal coagulant dosages for each water sample. Improvement of process performance is also investigated by using local clay as coagulant aid in coagulation-flocculation step. The use of bentonitic clay as a coagulant aid for alum improved the humic acid removal efficiency to some extent, especially when clay is added durind slow mix step. The experimental results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of removing humic substances from two surface waters using a flocculation-adsorption process.

Abstract: The oxidation rate of pure copper was measured for 48 hours over the temperature range of 500°C to 700°C using thermogravimetric apparatus by means of continuous and discontinuous oxidation methods. It was found that weigh-gained of both samples was found to be increased with increasing temperature and rate laws were determined to be parabolic and linear rate law each other. The comparison of oxidation rate of copper was shown to be higher in discontinuous that in continuous process due to direct oxidation through the oxide scale and copper substrate.