Mechanism of Laser Surface Modification of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Nitrogen Atmosphere Using a High Power Diode Laser

Abstract:

The influence of the nitrogen content in argon/nitrogen gas mixture on mechanism of titanium nitrides formation during laser surface processing of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V with high power diode laser was investigated. The phase composition and microhardness on cross-section of surface layers were analyzed and described. It was found that the nucleation of TiN dendrites in nitrogen rich atmosphere (at least 75 % of N₂) takes place on the liquid/gas boundary as a result of the reaction between molten titanium and gaseous nitrogen. The subsequent growth of titanium nitride dendrites (crystallization) proceeds into the liquid metal (weld pool), perpendicularly to the top surface. High length of the titanium nitride dendrites up to 180÷250 μm in the surface layer produced in pure nitrogen atmosphere indicates also very rapid rate of dendrites growth in the molten titanium. The tendency to form titanium nitrides during laser surface processing of the investigated titanium alloy falls dawn with the decrease of nitrogen content in the gas mixture.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1036)
• Pages: 411-416
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1036.411
• Online since: October 2014
• Authors: Aleksander Lisiecki*
• Keywords: Diode Laser, Laser Nitriding, Surface Modification, Titanium Alloy

References

[1] L. Blacha, R. Burdzik, A. Smalcerz, T. Matuła, Effects of pressure on the kinetics of manganese evaporation from the OT4 alloy, Arch. Metall. Mater. 58 (1) (2013) 197-201.

DOI: 10.2478/v10172-012-0173-6

[2] B. Szczucka-Lasota, B. Formanek, A. Hernas, Growth of corrosion products on thermally sprayed coatings with FeAl intermetallic phases in aggressive environments, J. Mat. Proc. Tech. 164 (2005) 930-935.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.244

[3] B. Szczucka-Lasota, B. Formanek, A. Hernas, K. Szymański, Oxidation models of the growth of corrosion products on the intermetallic coatings strengthened by a fine dispersive Al2O3, J. Mat. Proc. Tech. 164-165 (2005) 935-939.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.213

[4] J. Jaglarz, A. Grabowski, Optical investigations of AlSi–SiC composites subjected to laser CO2 annealing, Opt. Laser Eng. 48 (10) (2010) 1038-1044.

DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2010.04.009

[5] D. Janicki, Fiber laser welding of nickel based superalloy Rene 77, Proc. SPIE, Laser Technology 2012: Applications of Lasers, 8703 (2013) 87030Q, DOI: 10. 1117/12. 2013428.

DOI: 10.1117/12.2013428

[6] D. Janicki, Fiber laser welding of nickel based superalloy Inconel 625, Proc. SPIE, Laser Technology 2012: Applications of Lasers, 8703 (2013) 87030R, DOI: 10. 1117/12. 2013430.

DOI: 10.1117/12.2013430

[7] A. Klimpel, L. Dobrzański, D. Janicki, A study of worn wear plates of fan blades of steel mill fumes suction system, J. Mat. Proc. Tech. 164 (2005), 1062-1067.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.219

[8] W. Sitek, L.A. Dobrzański, Comparison of hardenability calculation methods of the heat-treatable constructional steels, J. Mat. Proc. Tech. 64 (1-3) (1995) 117-126.

DOI: 10.1016/s0924-0136(96)02559-9

[9] T. Węgrzyn, J. Piwnik, D. Hadrys, Oxygen in Steel WMD after Welding with micro-jet cooling, Arch. Metall. Mater. 58 (4) (2013) 1067-1070.

DOI: 10.2478/amm-2013-0127

[10] L. Dobrzański, A. Grajcar, W. Borek, Microstructure evolution of C-Mn-Si-Al-Nb high-manganese steel during the thermomechanical processing, Mat. Sci. Forum 638 (2010) 3224-3229.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3224

[11] R. Burdzik, Ł. Konieczny, Research on structure, propagation and exposure to general vibration in passenger car for different damping parameters, Journal of Vibroengineering 15 (4) (2013) 1680-1688.

[12] M. Opiela, A. Grajcar, Hot deformation behavior and softening kinetics of Ti-V-B microalloyed steels, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 12 (3) (2012) 327-333.

DOI: 10.1016/j.acme.2012.06.003

[13] J. Górka, Analysis of simulated welding thermal cycles S700MC using a thermal imaging camera, Adv. Mater. Res. 837 (2014) 375-380.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.375

[14] J. Górka, Influence of welding thermal cycling on the join properties of S 700MC steel treated using thermomechanical method, 15th Int. Conf. on Exper. Mech. (2012), Portugal, Porto, 197-198.

[15] Z. Dąbrowski, P. Deuszkiewicz, Designing of high-speed machine shafts of carbon composites with highly nonlinear characteristics, Key Eng. Mater. 490 (2011) 76-82.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.490.76

[16] A. Grządziela, Diagnosis of naval gas turbine rotors with the use of vibroacoustic parameters, Polish Maritime Res. 7 (3) (2000) 14–17.

[17] T. Węgrzyn, The influence of nickel and nitrogen on impact toughness properties of low alloy basic electrode steel deposits, Int. Offshore and Polar Eng. Conf. Proc. 282-285, (2001).

[18] A. Kurc-Lisiecka, W. Ozgowicz, W. Ratuszek, J. Kowalska, Analysis of Deformation Texture in AISI 304 Steel Sheets, Sol. St. Phenomena, 203-204 (2013) 105-110.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.203-204.105

[19] W. Sitek, A mathematical model of the hardness of high-speed steels, Transactions of Famena 34 (3) (2010) 39-46.

[20] W. Sitek, J. Trzaska, L.A. Dobrzański, Modified Tartagli method for calculation of Jominy hardenability curve, Mat. Sci. Forum 575-578 (2008) 892-897.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.892

[21] A. Klimpel, A. Lisiecki, A. Szymanski, A. P. Hoult, Numerical and experimental determination of weld pool shape during high-power diode laser welding, Proc. SPIE, Laser Technology VII: Applications of Lasers, 5229 (2003).

DOI: 10.1117/12.520726

[22] J. Bodzenta, A. Kaźmierczak, T. Kruczek, Analysis of thermograms based on FFT algorithm, Journal de Physique IV 129 (2005) 201-206.

DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2005129042

[23] K. Janerka, D. Bartocha, J. Szajnar, J. Jezierski, The carburizer influence on the crystallization process and the microstructure of synthetic cast iron, Arch. Metall. Mater. 55 (3) (2010) 851-859.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.122

[24] K. Janerka, M. Pawlyta, J. Jezierski, J. Szajnar, D. Bartocha, Carburiser properties transfer into the structure of melted cast iron, J. Mat. Proc. Tech. 214 (4) 2014 794-801.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.11.027

[25] J. Mańkowski, J. Osiński, P. Żach, Tension field in thin walled aeronautical girders, Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 14 (2) (2010) 291-308.

[26] D. Janicki, High Power Diode Laser Cladding of Wear Resistant Metal Matrix Composite Coatings, Sol. St. Phenomena, Mechatronic Syst. and Mat. V, 199 (2013) 587-592.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.587

[27] L.A. Dobrzański, M. Bonek, M. Piec, E. Jonda, Diode laser modification of surface gradient layer properties of a hot-work tool steel, Mat. Sci. Forum 532-533 (2006) 657-660.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.657

[28] M. Musztyfaga et al., Application examples for the different measurement modes of electrical properties of the solar cells, Arch. Metall. Mater. 59 (1) (2014) 247-252.

DOI: 10.2478/amm-2014-0040