Production of Carbon via Electrochemical Conversion of CO₂ in Carbonates Based Molten Salt

Abstract:

Carbon was successfully deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel rod cathode through electrolysis process in three molten salt mixtures, namely K₂CO₃-Li₂CO₃ (mole ratio: 1:1), CaCO_3-Li₂CO₃-LiCl (mole ratio 0.09:0.28:0.63) and CaCO₃-CaCl₂-KCl-LiCl (mole ratio: 0.13:0.31:0.10:0.45), under CO₂ atmospheres as continuous source of carbon. The process were carried out for 1 hour at temperature range 545–585°C and electrolysis voltage of 4.0V to drive the deposition of carbon through electrochemical conversion. EDX analysis on deposited products shown carbon as dominant element (89-98%). SEM revealed carbon with Flakes and grapes aggregation shapes for different salt mixtures. The achieved current efficiency of 83.8%, 80.46% and 92.41% were found in the respective salt mixtures, and energy consumption promotes several ways for efficiency improvement on the electrochemical conversion of CO₂.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1115)
• Pages: 361-365
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1115.361
• Online since: July 2015
• Authors: Miron Gakim, Lam Mun Khong, Jidon Janaun, Willey Liew Yun Hsien, Nancy J. Siambun
• Keywords: Carbon Deposition, Electrochemical Conversion, Molten Carbonates

References

[1] N. Sridhar, and D. Hill, in: CO2Utilization (Electrochem. Conversion of CO2, Opportuinities and Challenges DNV report. 07, (2011), pp.1-18.

[2] E. Olsen, in: CO2 Captured in Molten Salts, US Patent 0128559, A1, (2012), pp.1-4.

[3] H. Yin, M. Xuhui, T. Diyong, X. Wei, X. Luru, Z. Hua, W. Dihua, and D.R. Sadoway: submitted to J. Energy & Environ. Sci., 6(5), (2013), pp.1538-1545.

[4] O.S. Ryosuke, O. Koya, O. Takuya, K. Hiroshi, and K. Tatsuya: submitted to J. Electrochem. Soc. 50(11), (2013), pp.443-450.

[5] T. Diyong, H. Yin, X. Mao, W. Xiao and D.H. Wang: submitted to J. Electrochimica Acta, 114, (2013), pp.567-573.

[6] S. Licth, S. Stabilisation of STEP electrolyses in Lithium-Free Molten Carbonate. (2012) Available from: http: /arxiv. org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1209/1209. 3512. pdf.

[7] H. Kawamura, and Y. Ito: submitted to App. Electrochem., 30, (2000), pp.571-574.

[8] J.S. Nancy, in Electro. of Molten Carbonate Salt & Its Applic., of PhD Thesis, UoN (2011).

[9] S. Licht, W. Baohui, G. Susanta, A. Hina, J. Dianlu, and G. Jason: submitted Phys. Chem. Letters, 1, (2010), pp.2363-2368.

[10] S. Licht, C. Baochen, and W. Baohui, STEP Carbon Capture, The Barium Advantage CO2 Utilization, 2, (2013) pp.58-63.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2013.03.006

[11] M.D. Ingram, B. Baron and G.J. Janz: submitted to Electrochim. Acta, 11, (1966), pp.1629-1639.

[12] L. Massot, P. Chamelot, F. Bouyer and P. Taxil: submitted to Electrochim. Acta, 47, (2002), p.1949-(1957).

[13] B. Kaplan, H. Groult, A. Barhoun, F. Lantelme, T. Nakajima, V. Gupta, S. Komaba and N. Kumagaic: submitted to J. Electrochem. Soc., 149(5), (2002), D72-D78.

DOI: 10.1149/1.1464884

[14] Y. Ito, H. Kawamura, in: The Electrochem. Soc. Proceedings, Edited by R.J. Gale, C. Blomgren and H. Kojima, Vol. PV92-16 of The 8th Inter. Symp. Molten Salts, NJ, (1992), p.574.

[15] Y.K. Delimarskii, V.I. Shapoval, V.A. Vasilenko and V.F. Grishchenko: submitted to Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation), 43(12), (1970), pp.2634-2638.

[16] P.K. Lorenz and G.J. Janz: submitted to Electrochim. Acta, 15, (1970), pp.1025-1035.

[17] B. Marinho, G. Marcos, T. Evgeniy, E.K. Cor, and D.W. Gijsbertus: submitted to Powder Tech., 221, (2012), pp.351-358.

[18] H.V. Ijije, C. Sun, and G.Z. Shen: submitted to Carbon, 73, (2014), pp.163-174.

[19] U.S. Depart. of Energy, in U. S Energy Requirements for Al Production, Historical Perspective Theoritial Limits and Current Practice, (2007).