Chemical Reaction and Morphology of Polypropylene (PP)/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBRr)/Banana Skin Powder (BSP) Composites with γ-APS

Abstract:

Polypropylene (PP)/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/ banana skin powder (BSP) composites were studied. Different BSP filer loading (5, 10, 15,20,25,30 wt. %) were prepared by using heated two roll mill at 180 °C. Then, the composites were tested for functional group using FTIR model Perkin Elmer Series 2. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (VPFESEM) model Zeiss SUPRA 35VP also were using for morphological study. The effect of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) as coupling agent were evaluated.The FTIR test shows different bands around 3200-3500 and 1740 cm-1 which represent the stretching of OH and C=O groups respectively. As for BSP which composed mostly of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, the cellulose backbone C-OH is represent by the peaks of 1050 and 1048 cm-1 respectively. The γ-APS intense band around 1167 cm-1 and 1098 cm-1 in treated composite was assigned to the stretching of the-Si-O-Cellulose and –Si-O-Si-bond respectively. The large band around 1050 cm-1 found on BSP filler was attribute to the –Si-OH group which later this band will disappear after the surface modification. This evidenced that bonding between γ-APS treated BSP with PP/NBRr matrices. Morphological study supported this finding which BSP filler treated with γ-APS has improved the adhesion between BSP filler and PP/NBRr matrices.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1133)
• Pages: 175-179
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1133.175
• Online since: January 2016
• Authors: Azlinda Abdul Ghani*, Ragunathan Santiagoo, Tunku Alisha Zanariah Tunku Ozir, Sam Sung Ting, Ismail Hanafi
• Keywords: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBRr), Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS), Banana Skin Powder (BSP), Mechanical Properties, Polypropylene

References

[1] K.G. Satyanarayana, G.G.C. Arizaga, F. Wypych, Biodegradable composites based on lignocellulosic fibers: An overview, Progress in Polymer Science. 34 (2009) 982-1021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.12.002

[2] H.D. Rozman, G.S. Tay, R.N. Kumar, A. Abusamah, H. Ismail, Ploypropylene-oil palm empty fruit bunch- glass hybrid composites: A preliminary study on the flexural and tensile properties, European Polymer Journal. 37 (2001) 1283-129.

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(00)00243-3

[3] N.G. Jústiz-Smith, G.J. Virgo, V.E. Buchanan, Potential of Jamaican banana, coconut coir and bagasse fibres as composite materials, Materials Characterization. 59 (2007) 1273-1278.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2007.10.011

[4] Taj, M.A.M., and S. Khan, Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites, Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci. 44 (2) (2007) 129-144.

[5] A.K. Bledzki, J. Gassan, Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibers, Polymer Science. 24 (2) (1999) 221-274.

[6] Y. Lei, Q. Wu, C.M. Clemons, F. Yao, Y. Xu, Preparation and properties of recycled HDPE/natural fiber composites, Composites: Part A. 38 (2007) 1664-1674.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.02.001

[7] H. Ismail, L. Mega, The effects of a compatibilizer and a silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of white rice husk ash filled polypropylene/natural rubber blend, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 40(4) (2001) 463-478.

DOI: 10.1081/ppt-100002070

[8] M. Abdelmouleh, S. Boufi, M.N. Belgacem, A. Dufresne, Short natural-fibre reinforced polyethylene and natural rubber composites: Effect of silane coupling agents and fibres loading Composites, Science and Technology. 67 (2007) 1627–1639.

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.07.003

[9] R. Santiagoo, H. Ismail, K. Hussin, Mechanical Properties, water absorption, and swelling behavior of rice husk powder filled polypropylene/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (PP/NBRr/RHP) biocomposites using silane as a coupling agent, BioResources. 6 (4) (2011).

DOI: 10.15376/biores.6.4.3714-3726