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Efficient PAHs Removal from Wastewater Using Coal-Derived Carbon Nanoparticles: Optimization and Reusability Studies

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Abstract:

This study utilizes phenanthrene as the model molecule to investigate the optimization and reusability of coal-derived carbon nanoparticles for the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). After controlled carbonization and activation, the carbon nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical solid synthesis method and meticulously studied to determine their surface morphology and crystallinity. One factor at a time (OFAT) was used as an optimization method for the batch adsorption studies, the parameters varied including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, Temperature, and initial phenanthrene concentration. The optimal circumstances for phenanthrene resulted in a high removal efficiency of up to 95.3% for phenanthrene, and 96% removal for naphthalene, hence demonstrating the material's potential for PAH remediation. Subsequent batch testing confirmed the material's efficacy in removing naphthalene and phenanthrene. Furthermore, reusability studies conducted over five adsorption-desorption cycles demonstrated minimal decline in removal efficiency for Naphthalene by 10%, with a difference between the 1st and 5th run. hence showing robust regeneration capability and operational stability. But it shows a high decline in removal efficiency for phenanthrene. The results demonstrate the efficacy and sustainability of coal-derived carbon nanoparticles as a cost-effective adsorbent for applications addressing PAH contamination in water.

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Periodical:

Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1189)

Pages:

145-157

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-J3yzQ9

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Online since:

March 2026

Authors:

Ummulkhairi Nasiru Danmallam*, Adekunle Akanni Adeleke, Abdullahi Sulaiman Bah Gimba, Noor Hana Hanif Abu Bakar, Zakariyya Uba Zango, Ahmad Alin Baffa

Keywords:

Adsorption, Carbon Nanoparticle, Optimization, PAHs, Water Treatment

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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