Study of the Effect of Frequency in Pulse Electrodeposition on Au-Ni from Cyanide-Citrate Electrolyte by the Aim of Design of Experiment

R. Siavash Moakhar; I. Imanieh; Mohammad Ghorbani; A. Dolati

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.410.377

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Study of the Effect of Frequency in Pulse Electrodeposition on Au-Ni from Cyanide-Citrate Electrolyte by the Aim of Design of Experiment

Abstract:

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of frequency in pulse electrodeposition, on the current efficiency, Ni content and surface morphology of deposits from a novel cyanide-citrate electrolyte with 20 mM gold as KAu (CN)₂ and 7 mM NiSO₄, with the aim of design of experiment by respond surface method (RSM). Frequency was in the range of 1-200 Hz in constant average current density, temperature, and duty cycle of 7 mA/cm², 59 ^◦C and 55% respectively. Composition of the deposits was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Additionally, deposits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was shown that from main effect plots, decreasing the level of frequency to 50 Hz resulted in an increase in Ni content of the deposits up to 1.5 %. Additionally, by increasing frequency up to 150 Hz, current efficiency increased to 60%. Besides, by decreasing frequency, grain size decreased. It was also shown that duty cycle and frequency have interaction effect on cathode efficiency. Furthermore, by using cyclic voltammetry techniques, Au-Ni electrodeposition from cyanide-citrate electrolyte has been scrutinized and categorized as a diffusion-control system.