Study on the Precipitation Polymerization of Acrylamide and Methacrylic Acid in Ethanol by Conductimetry: Phase- Separation Prior to Polymerization

Abstract:

Conductimetry was employed to investigate the precipitation polymerization of acrylamide/methacrylic acid (AAm/MAA) in ethanol (EtOH). The conductivity change vs. temperature of AAm/MAA-EtOH as well as the effects of monomer ratio and monomer concentration was studied. An abrupt decrease of conductivity in AAm/MAA-EtOH was observed at ca 25°C, indicating the phase separation of monomers and EtOH. As the ratios of AAm/MAA increased from 2/1 to 5/1 (wt/wt), the phase separation temperature increased from 22 to 31°C. The higher the monomers concentration, the temperature of phase separation is lower. These results proved that the lyophobicity of methyl group of MAA dominated the phase separation and the precipitation polymerization system of AAm/MAA-EtOH, by which the microspheres were prepared, was heterogeneous prior to the polymerization.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 455-456)
• Pages: 639-644
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.455-456.639
• Online since: January 2012
• Authors: Min Li, Hen Mei Ni
• Keywords: Acrylamide, Conductivity, Methacrylic Acid, Phase Separation, Precipitation Polymerization

References

[1] Lovell, P. A.; El-Aasser, M. S. In Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers; Wiley: New York, (1997).

[2] Fitch, R. M. Polymer Colloids, A Comprehensive Introduction; Academic: New York, (1997).

[3] Wilson-Polit, D.; Orzechowski, A.; Grzywa-Niksinska, I.; Grzywa, E.; Izmailova, V.; Oganesyan, A.; Gritskova, I. Polimery, 2000, 45, 399-404.

DOI: 10.14314/polimery.2000.399

[4] Ni, H. -M.; Du, Y. -Z.; Ma, G. -H.; Nagai, M.; Omi, S. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 6577.

[5] Ni, H. -M.; Ma, G. -H.; Nagai, M.; Omi, S. J Appl Polym Sci 2001, 82, 2679.

[6] Ni, H. -M.; Ma, H. -M.; Kawaguchi, H. J Polym Sci : Part A, Polym Chem 2004, 42, 2833-2844.

[7] Kozempel, S. (2005) PhD thesis, Emulgatorfreie Emulsions polymerisation — zonomerlösungszustand und Teilchenbildung, University of Potsdam.

[8] Tauer, K.; Kozempel, S.; Rother, G . J Coll Interf Sci 2007, 312: 432.

[9] Lu, T.; Shan, G. -R. J Appl Polym Sci 2009, 112, 2859-2867.

[10] Lu, T.; Shan, G. -R. J Appl Polym Sci 2010, 116, 1747-1758.

[11] Harkins W.D. J Amer Chem Soc 1947, 69, 1428-1444.

[12] Anibal, C.V.D.; Morini, M.A.; Verdinelli, V.; Rodríguez, J. L.; Minardi, R.; Schulz, P. C.; Vuano, B. Coll Surf A, Physicochem Eng Aspects 2009, 348, 276-281.

DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.09.024

[13] Nazaran, P.; Tauer, K. Macromol Symp, 2007, 259, 264–273.

[14] Tauer, K.; Hernandez, H.; Kozempel, S.; Lazareva, O.; Nazaran, P. Collid Polymer Sci 2008, 286, 499.

DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1797-3

[15] Ni, H. -M, Kawaguchi, H., Endo, T. Colloid and Polym Sci 2007, 285(7), 819-826.

[16] Ni, H. -M, Kawaguchi, H., Endo, T. Macromolecules 2007, 40, 6370.

[17] Ni, H. -M.; Wu, M.; Li, M.; Wang, H. -L.; Sun, Y. -M. Polym Chem 2010, 1, 899-907.

[18] Luzar, A. J Chem Phys 2000, 258, 267-276.

[19] Shevkunov, V.; Vegiri, A. J Mol Stru (Theochem) 2002, 593, 19-32.

[20] Palani Raj, W.R.; Sasthav, M.; Cheung, H.M. Langmuir 1992, 8(8), 1931-(1936).

[21] Ni, H. -M.; Ma, H. -M.; Kawaguchi, H. J Polym Sci : Part A, Polym Chem 2004, 42, 2823-2832.

[22] Sato, Y.; Hashidzume, A.; Morishima, Y. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 6121.

[23] Garay, M. T.; Llamas, M. C.; Iglesias, E. Polymer 1997, 38, 5091.

[24] Chatterjee, S. K.; Chhabra, M.; Johri, S. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 1994, 32, 1169.

[25] Sivadasan, K.; Somasundaran, P. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 1991, 29, 911.

[26] Kamijo, Y.; (advisor, Kawaguchi, H. ) Preparation and Characterization of Hydrogel Microspheres. M.S. Thesis, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan, (1994).