Advanced Materials Research Vol. 487

Abstract: A polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCs) was synthesized by copolymerization of allyl polyoxyethylene ethers (APE), acrylic acid (AA), sodium methylallyl Sulfonate (SMAS) and ethyl acrylate (EA). The effect of functional groups and branch chain on PCs properties was investigated by the test of fluidity of cement paste, retardation performance and Zeta potential of cement particles. The results showed that carboxylic groups and ethyl ester groups can improve water reducing ratio and fluidity of cement paste, and the sulfonic groups has an important contributiion to retardation performance of PCs.

Abstract: The radical copolymerization of resorcinol (RSC) and 3,5-dihydroxyl benzoic (DHBA) was carried out in water by the initiator of horseradish (HRP)/H2O2. It was discussed that the effects of monomer composition on the properties of the copolymer. The best monomer mass ratio of RSC:DHBA was 60:40 and the shrink temperature can reached to 88.5oC. The tanning result indicated that the copolymer of RSC and DHPA has particularly excellent tanning properties and can be served as leather tannage substitute for chrome tanning materials. And also the mechanism of the HRP initiated copolymerization was proposed. The structure and molecular weight of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The copolymer can be as tannage and retannage in making leather process. The results showed that it has excellent tanning properties and retanning effects.

Abstract: Pb-PANI-WC inert anodes were prepared by direct current and pulse electrodeposition of PANI (conductive polyaniline) and WC particles with Pb2+ on the surface of titanium (Ti) substrate. The anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry curves and Tafel polarization curves were measured in the solution of 50 g/L Zn2+, 150 g/L H2SO4 and 35°C, and the kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution, voltammetry charge, corrosion potential and corrosion current density have been obtained. The surface morphologies of the coating were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the inert anodes prepared by pulse electrodeposition possess lower overpotential of oxygen evolution, higher electrocatalytic activity, and better reversibility of electrode reaction and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: The non-isothermal crystallization process of PBT with high melt flow index has been investigated by DSC, and the nonisothermal crystallization process of PBT with high melt flow index was studied by Ozawa equation and Jeziorny equation respectively. It was found that Ozawa equation, rather than Jeziorny equation, could appropriately be applied to study the non-isothermal crystallization process of PBT with high melt flow index. The Avrami index, obtained by Ozawa equation, varied between 1.06-1.80 with the change in temperature.

Abstract: Backed up by Dayoushan loess tunnel of Xining in Qinghai province, the displacements of vault settlement, peripheral convergence, surface deformation and post-construction settlement caused by tunnel construction are numerically simulated and analyzed. First, 2-D elastic-plastic model is founded to simulate the tunnel excavation process with up and down steps method. Second, considering the rheological characteristics of loess, 2-D visco-elastic-plastic constitutive model is founded to simulate the creep deformation of rock displacement characteristics. Finally, combined with the serious collapsible feature of loess foundation in supported project, the post-construction settlements under different conditions are simulated to obtain the settlement values of tunnel vault and bottom. The results can explain the deformation laws of tunnel displacement characteristics reasonably and show the importance of foundation reinforcement measures for loess tunnel.

Abstract: Adequate carbon source is critical for biological nutrients removal from wastewater, and waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment or disposal is costly and difficult in wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a novel sludge fermentation process was launched to develop the internal carbon source of WAS to enhance biological nitrogen removal, nitrite and nitrate was directly added into anaerobic fermentation system and then formed WAS anoxic fermentation denitrification system (AFD), in which, the sludge fermentation and denitrification were expected to proceed simultaneously. Experimental results of 40 days’ fermentation showed that 0.12 gNO₂^--N/gVSS and 0.11 gNO₃^--N/gVSS, or 0.26 gNO₂^--N/gVSS-reduction and 0.24 gNO₃^--N/gVSS-reduction, could be simultaneously obtained in AFD, and it could be calculated that 37.9% of total VSS and 80.7% of VSS reduction was utilized for nitrite or nitrate removal, which suggested a good performance of denitrification driven by WAS in AFD. The highest accumulation amount, 204 mg/L, of volatile fatty acids was occurred in the 11th day, which proved a rapid fermentation was present in AFD. Furthermore, the variations of pH or ORP in AFD could well indicate the progress of fermentation and denitrification.

Abstract: Pilot scale tests are conducted to study the pre-ozonation effect of the micro-polluted surface water and its influence on the operation and treatment effects of the follow-up filtration units. The results showed that significant improvement of sand filtration performance was achieved through the use of ozone pretreatment, and the filtration cycle was nearly doubled. The THMFP removal rates of the pre-ozonation technology and the conventional technology are respectively 32% and 18%, and the former one has reduced obviously the particle number of sand filtration effluents which implied the reduced probability of detection rates of effluent microorganisms and pathogens. Long-term run effect showed that the pre-ozonation process was superior to conventional processes in CODMn and turbidity removal.

Abstract: Compound d was prepared by the improved three-step synthetic route using cyclohexene as starting material. After treatment of d with excess LiAlH4 at high temperature, the obtained e was reacted with various kinds of aromatic aldehydes including 4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, benzaldehyde and 4-formyl-benzo-15-crown-5, respectively, in the presence of CF3COOH and oxidated with DDQ, followed by treatment with NEt3 and BF3.Et2O to provide five kinds of BODIPY derivatives fused with exocyclic rings. Their absorption and fluorescence properties were investigated. The fluorometric titrations were performed to examine their responsive abilities to pH in CH3OH-H2O (1:1, V/V). The results indicate that BODIPY 1 and 2 can be applied as a fluorescent probe for pH sensing in the acid and alkaline region, respectively, and switching between the fluorescence “ON/OFF” states in BODIPY 1 or 2 can be repeated by modulation of protonation/deprotonation process without decomposition and formation of precipitates. Moreover, the design principle and sensing mechanism of two probes are also preliminarily discussed.

Abstract: The steel grade has a great influence to the thermal state of the mould copper plate. The coupled visco-elasto-plastic FEM models have been presented for thermal process analysis of steel and the mould copper plates. With the understanding to the mould thermal state for the different steel grade casting, the characters of mould copper plate thermal state is obtained. It is shown that, the reasonable mould taper and casting techniscs are very important for the different steel grades casting, and they are also the important way to improve the mould life.

Abstract: This paper proposed an issue aiming at the goal of pierces the relationship between the emission trading scheme and dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problem for the electricity utility. A model of the CO2 emission trading market will be investigated and introduced into DED problem incorporating wind power plant and independent power providers (IPPs). Then, an accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm is introduced in order to avoid prematurity convergence of the original PSO and improve searching efficiency. Thus, APSO was used to determine the DED strategy of the utility with incorporation of wind power generation and contribution of IPPs. The CO2 emission trading is treated as the inner-cost, and the superfluous CO2 quotas will be resale into the market, whereas the shortage quotas can be purchased from the market.