Factors Affecting the Genotoxicity of Drinking Water

Abstract:

The genotoxicity of drinking water have received increased attention in recent years to assess aquatic ecosystem safety. The factors affecting the genotoxicity of drinking water, including sample preparation, the concentration of bromide and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), were investigated using umu test. The result showed that sample preparation and bromide could significantly influence the genotoxicity of drinking water. During sample preparation, 1 and 2 L waters concentrated were suitable for umu test and the highest yield for genotoxic compounds was obtained from acid solution (pH 2) when ethyl acetate served as the eluant. Bromide could substantially increase the genotoxicity of drinking water after chlorine disinfection. The genotoxicity of drinking water could not be increased with increasing NH₃-N concentration.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 518-523)
• Pages: 922-927
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.518-523.922
• Online since: May 2012
• Authors: Zhi Zhen Xu, Dong Sheng Wang, Rong Zhang, Shi Chuan Tang
• Keywords: Bromide, Chlorination, NH₃-N, Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE), Umu Test

References

[1] Q.-Y. Wu, Y. Li, H.-Y. Hu, Y.-X. Sun and F.-Y. Zhao, Environ. Sci. Technol. 44. 13 (2010), 4924-4929.

[2] B. Zegura, E. Heath, A. Cernosa and M. Filipic, Chemosphere 75. 11 (2009), 1453-1460.

[3] H.J. Kool, C.F. Vankreijl, E. Degreef and H.J. Vankranen, Environ. Health Persp 46. DEC (1982), 207-214.

[4] T. Myllykangas, T.K. Nissinen, J. Maki-Paakkanen, A. Hirvonen and T. Vartiainen, Chemosphere 53. 7 (2003), 745-756.

DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00535-6

[5] H. Takanashi, M. Kishida, T. Nakajima, A. Ohki, M. Akiba and T. Aizawa, Chemosphere 77. 3 (2009), 434-439.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.038

[6] T. Vartiainen, A. Liimatainen, P. Kauranen and L. Hiisvirta, Chemosphere 17. 1 (1988), 189-202.

DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(88)90056-2

[7] D. Wang, Z. Xu, Y. Zhao, X. Yan and J. Shi, Chemosphere 83. 1 (2010), 14-20.

[8] M. Hladik, K. Smalling and K. Kuivila, B. Environ. Contam. Tox 80. 2 (2008), 139-144.

[9] N. Fontanals, R.M. Marc and F. Borrull, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 24. 5 (2005), 394-406.

DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2005.01.012

[10] P. Rantakokko, M. Yritys and T. Vartiainen, J. Chromatogr. A 1028. 2 (2004), 179-188.

[11] J. Fang, H.A. Semple and J. Song, J. Chromatogr. B 809. 1 (2004), 9-14.

[12] T. Väänänen, P. Kuronen and E. Pehu, Journal of Chromatography A 869. 1-2 (2000), 301-305.

[13] T. Vartiainen, A. Liimatainen, S. Jääskeläinen and P. Kauranen, Water Res. 21. 7 (1987), 773-779.

[14] L.-S. Wang, H.-Y. Hu and C. Wang, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41. 1 (2007), 160-165.

[15] T.K. Nissinen, I.T. Miettinen, P.J. Martikainen and T. Vartiainen, Chemosphere 48. 1 (2002), 9-20.

[16] Y.-X. Sun, Q.-Y. Wu, H.-Y. Hu and J. Tian, Chemosphere 76. 5 (2009), 631-637.