High-Value SLM Aerospace Components: From Design to Manufacture

Article Preview

Abstract:

Today additive manufacturing is shaping the future of global manufacturing and is influencing the design and manufacturability of tomorrows products. With selective laser melting (SLM), parts can be built directly from computer models or from measurements of existing components to be re-engineered, and therefore bypass traditional manufacturing processes such as cutting, milling and grinding. Benefits include: 1) new designs not possible using conventional subtractive technology, 2) dramatic savings in time, materials, wastage, energy and other costs in producing new components, 3) significant reductions in environmental impact, and 4) faster time to market. SLM builds up finished components from raw material powders layer by layer through laser melting. SLM removes many of the shape restrictions that limit design with traditional manufacturing methods, thereby allowing computationally optimised, high performance structures to be utilised. Functional engineering prototypes and actual components can then be built in their final shape with minimal material wastage. Samples and small product runs can be produced quickly at comparatively low cost to test and build market acceptance without major investment. In this chapter we present and discuss some of the concepts and findings involved in the design, manufacture and examination of high-value aerospace components from Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced at the RMITs Advanced Manufacturing Precinct.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

135-147

Citation:

Online since:

January 2013

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2013 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

[1] S. Dadbakhsh, L. Hao, N. Sewell, Effect of selective laser melting layout on the quality of stainless steel parts, Rapid Prototyping Journal. 18 (2012) 241 - 249.

DOI: 10.1108/13552541211218216

Google Scholar

[2] C. Emmelmann, P. Scheinemann, M. Munsch, V. Seyda, Laser Additive Manufacturing of Modified Implant Surfaces with Osseointegrative Characteristics, Physics Procedia 12. Part A (2011) 375-384.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.048

Google Scholar

[3] L. Thijs, F. Verhaeghe, T. Craeghs, J.V. Humbeeck, J. -P. Kruth, A study of the microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Ti–6Al–4V, Acta Materialia. 58 (2010) 3303-3312.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.02.004

Google Scholar

[4] I. Yadroitsev, I. Yadroitsava, P. Bertrand, I. Smurov, Factor analysis of selective laser melting process parameters and geometrical characteristics of synthesized single tracks, Rapid Prototyping Journal. 18 (2012) 201-208.

DOI: 10.1108/13552541211218117

Google Scholar

[5] S. Van Bael, G. Kerckhofs, M. Moesen, G. Pyka, J. Schrooten, J.P. Kruth, Micro-CT-based improvement of geometrical and mechanical controllability of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V porous structures, Materials Science and Engineering. A 528 (2011).

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.06.045

Google Scholar

[6] B. Baufeld, O.V. d. Biest, R. Gault, Additive manufacturing of Ti–6Al–4V components by shaped metal deposition: Microstructure and mechanical properties, Materials and Design 31. 1 (2010) S106-S111.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.11.032

Google Scholar

[7] T. Vilaro, C. Colin, J. Bartout, As-Fabricated and Heat-Treated Microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Processed by Selective Laser Melting, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A 42 (2011) 3190-3199.

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-011-0731-y

Google Scholar

[8] L. Facchini, E. Magalini, P. Robotti, A. Molinari, S. Höges, K. Wissenbach, Ductility of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by selective laser melting of prealloyed powders, Rapid Prototyping Journal. 16 (2010) 450-459.

DOI: 10.1108/13552541011083371

Google Scholar

[9] L. Qian, J. Mei, J. Liang, X. Wu, Influence of position and laser power on thermal history and microstructure of direct laser fabricated Tiâ€6Alâ€, 4V samples, Materials Science and Technology. 21 (2005) 597-605.

DOI: 10.1179/174328405x21003

Google Scholar

[10] F. Wang, J. Mei, X. Wu, Microstructure study of direct laser fabricated Ti alloys using powder and wire, Applied Surface Science. 253 (2006) 1424-1430.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.028

Google Scholar

[11] B. Baufeld, E. Brandl, O. van der Biest, Wire based additive layer manufacturing: Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 211 (2011).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.01.018

Google Scholar

[12] E. Brandl, A. Schoberth, C. Leyens, Morphology, microstructure, and hardness of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) blocks deposited by wire-feed additive layer manufacturing (ALM), Materials Science and Engineering. A 532 (2012) 295-307.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.095

Google Scholar

[13] L.E. Murr, S.A. Quinones, S.M. Gaytan, M.I. Lopez, A. Rodela, E.Y. Martinez, D.H. Hernandez, E. Martinez, F. Medina, R.B. Wicker, Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V produced by rapid-layer manufacturing, for biomedical applications, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2 (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.05.004

Google Scholar

[14] S. Bontha, N.W. Klingbeil, P.A. Kobryn, H.L. Fraser, Effects of process variables and size-scale on solidification microstructure in beam-based fabrication of bulky 3D structures, Materials Science and Engineering. A 513–514 (2009) 311-318.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.02.019

Google Scholar

[15] P.A. Kobryn, S.L. Semiatin, Microstructure and texture evolution during solidification processing of Ti–6Al–4V, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 135 (2003) 330-339.

DOI: 10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00865-8

Google Scholar

[16] P.A. Kobryn, E.H. Moore, S.L. Semiatin, The effect of laser power and traverse speed on microstructure, porosity, and build height in laser-deposited Ti-6Al-4V, Scripta Mater. 43 (2000) 299-305.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6462(00)00408-5

Google Scholar

[17] X. Wu, J. Liang, J. Mei, C. Mitchell, P.S. Goodwin, W. Voice, Microstructures of laser-deposited Ti–6Al–4V, Materials and Design. 25 (2004) 137-144.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2003.09.009

Google Scholar

[18] J.P. Kruth, G. Levy, F. Klocke, T.H.C. Childs, Consolidation phenomena in laser and powder-bed based layered manufacturing, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology. 56 (2007) 730-759.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2007.10.004

Google Scholar

[19] P.A. Kobryn, S.L. Semiatin, Mechanical Properties of Laser-Deposited Ti-6Al-4V, in D.L. Bourell, R.H. Crawford, H.L. Marcus, J.W. Barlow (Eds) Proceddings of the 12th Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, Texas, August, 2001, pp.179-186.

Google Scholar

[20] M.P. Bendsoe, O. Sigmund, Topology optimization: Theory, methods and applications, Springer, Paris, (2004).

Google Scholar

[21] X.E. Guo, C.H. Kim, Mechanical consequence of trabecular bone loss and its treatment: A three-dimensional model simulation, Bone. 30 (2002) 404-411.

DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00673-1

Google Scholar

[22] K. Ushijima, W. Cantwell, R. Mines, S. Tsopanos, M. Smith, An investigation into the compressive properties of stainless steel micro-lattice structures, Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials. 13 (2011) 303-329.

DOI: 10.1177/1099636210380997

Google Scholar

[23] S. Hyun, A.M. Karlsson, S. Torquato, A.G. Evans, Simulated properties of Kagomé and tetragonal truss core panels, International Journal of Solids and Structures. 40 (2003) 6989-6998.

DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7683(03)00350-0

Google Scholar

[24] P. Moongkhamklang, V.S. Deshpande, H.N.G. Wadley, The compressive and shear response of titanium matrix composite lattice structures, Acta Materialia. 58 (2010) 2822-2835.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.004

Google Scholar

[25] M. Leary, M. Babaee, M. Brandt, A. Subic, Feasible Build Orientations for Self-Supporting Fused Deposition Manufacture: A Novel Approach to Space Filling Geometries, Advances in Engineering Materials, Product and Systems Design, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland, (2012).

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.148

Google Scholar