Advanced Materials Research Vol. 684

Abstract: The removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions was studied using a sulfur-impregnated adsorbent. Coal was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800°C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce a sulfur-impregnated adsorbent. The sulfur-impregnated adsorbent prepared had a high sulfur content and high specific surface area. The adsorbent showed a high removal ability for lead ions, and a high removal ratio for lead ions in binary Pb2+-Na+ and Pb2+-Mg2+ solutions. This characteristics were similar to unitary Pb2+ solutions. These results indicate that the sulfur-impregnated adsorbent has a high selective adsorption ability for lead ions in aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for the global carbon cycle and balance. In order to study the factors that affect the changes of SOC at different levels (0 ~ 20 cm, 20 ~ 40 cm) in degraded areas and continuous water supply area (3 years, 5 years, 7 years), Phragmites communis wetland of the Yellow River Delta were sampled. The results showed that the upper soil layer (0-20cm) had more SOC than the lower soil layer (20-40cm) in the restored sites. The SOC increased in the 0-20cm soil layer from 7.710±0.756 g/kg to 16.96±0.213 g/kg. Soil salinity and pH value decreased with the freshwater restoration, while SOC increased with the restoration time. SOC had extremely significantly negative correlation with pH (r = -0.564, P < 0.01). The correlation analysis of soil properties showed that SOC had significantly positive correlation with total nitrogen (TN) and NH4+-N (P <0.01) and had negative correlation with C/N. It suggested that wetland restoration not only increased soil organic carbon content, but also improved the ability of nitrogen mineralization.

Abstract: After Typhoon Morakot in 2009, the Taiwanese government relocated three indigenous villages to the lowland, leading to changes in traditional lifestyles and customs. Using the Wutai community as a case study, this paper suggests a strategy for sustainable post-disaster indigenous development . The paper focuses on two issues, the traditional land use of Rukai people in Wutai Township and their methods used regarding village relocation, afforestation and mountain patrol after Typhoon Morakot. Our research found that about 73.0% of locals who agree with afforestation in Aboriginal territory, 54.3% would like to sign a contract with the government which lasts more than twenty years, and 84.5% wish to be included in mountain patrol. Therefore, we propose that a mountain patrol foundation be established, to be responsible for the recruitment of mountain patrol members, planning afforestation, and conservation. Moreover, through the foundation, a mountain academy might be established, which could handle dynamic activities and systematize disciplines so as to link traditional environmental knowledge and modern conservation skills. Also, the foundation could help the local communities to develop eco-tourism and other related industries to increase local incomes and conservation funds, as a step towards sustainable development.

Abstract: The experiment tests carried out on the sulfur dioxide (SO2) will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the plant body. When the plants absorb CO2, SO2 enters the stomata at the same time, and the photosynthesis rate will immediately fall. The carbon absorption potential showed decreased as SO2 concentration increasing. However, after 600 ppb SO2 gas fumigated for 48 hours, Hibiscus tiliaceus had the most carbon absorption potential reducing rate as 76% and the least influence by this concentration was Acacia confusa which reduced 2% carbon absorption potential. When the fumigation concentration rose to 1000 ppb, except the leaves of Camellia axillaries had all fallen, the Hibiscus tiliaceus also showed the most variance of carbon absorption potential as 81% reducing than before fumigation and the Hibiscus taiwanensis was the second with 65% reducing rate. As the fumigation concentration rose to 2000 ppb, the Camellia axillaries, Hibiscus taiwanensis, Viburnum odoratissimum and Hibiscus tiliaceus could not tolerate the high SO2 concentration environment and the leaves all fell away. The carbon absorption potential reduced more significant than two other fumigation concentration. The most variance was Palaquium formosanum which with 92% decrease. The Neolitsea parvigemma and Leea indica also had 85% and 84% reduce rate than before fumigation, respectively.

Abstract: Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was applied in order to distinguish the sediment-quality parameters from neighboring rivers, and to recognize similarities of sediment properties between lagoon and neighboring rivers. Two set of constructed discriminant functions showed a marked contribution to most of the discriminant variables. In sediment, the significantly parameters - porosity, Cd, Cr, Al, and Pb were combined as the heavy metal factor. The recognition capacities of the two discriminant functions were 82.6 and 17.4, respectively. The Dapeng Bay had no significant similarity with the three neighbouring rivers with the sediment properties.

Abstract: According to the XingFu mine's water quality, put forward a technology for mine water underground treatment. Changing original underground mine water sump into complex settling pond. Estimate the investment and the operation cost of the underground mine water treatment project. The result shows that: the cost of the underground mine water treatment is only 1.1172 yuan per ton, saving about 2 yuan per ton compare with the price of industrial water. This prove that it is feasible and saving for underground mine water treatment in XingFu mine.

Abstract: The paper studied the degradation rate of single strain, the microorganisms agent compatibility and the bioaugmentation effects of the activated sludge system. The results showed that 10 strains screened from drilling site were able to degrade drilling wastewater. Confirm the optimal ratio of strains’ compatibility through orthogonal experiment. In augmented experiments, it showed that in the control SBR system with the COD of the effluent was in three different average levels (with two load shock), the COD degradation rates were 21.4%, 22.8% and 6.9%. In the augmented system treated with the same effluent, the degradation rates of augmented system were 64.8%, 62.78% and 66.9% respectively. It showed that the activated sludge was augmented by the mixed cultures which made the system to be more stable and improve impact resistance.

Abstract: This paper provides feasibility estimation for actual domestic wastewater treatment under assumptions of a flow of 10,000 m3/d (about 40,000 capita), when air cathode MFCs configurations were adopted. Temperature-phased (mesophilic-ambient) process configurations in which can achieve either better effluent quality (i.e. maximizing treatment) or high energy recoveries is schematized. The performance used in the mass balance analysis of the treatment process conducted here compared with typical values in conventional biological wastewater treatment. Various advantages of using MFCs for wastewater treatment, including energy saving, less sludge production (and perhaps the lack of a need for a secondary clarifier), and no need for sludge handling, etc., were also addressed.

Abstract: To estimate Radiation doses received onboard aircraft to protect aircrew in accordance with the basic standard on ionization radiation protection and radiation source safety of China, we has developed a software called CARD used to calculate the effective radiation doses. A three dimension matrix is kernel part of the CARD, in the matrix preserves information about effective dose rates of cosmic radiation for retrieval is constructed. The data of matrix are based on results of simulation and measurements. The comparisons between the calculated effective dose using this tool and using CARI-6 respectively for various flights are carried out. The present analysis shows that for the cosmic radiation, this software is sufficient to ensure a precision on the dose estimate of flight.

Abstract: The nuclear power is the clear energy and the nuclear power plant is the good power plant project, but someone disagree the project for the environment impact from the nuclear radioactivity. This paper compares the different opinions about the nuclear power project and analyzes the existing problems. The advantages of the nuclear power plant are the abundant raw material uranium, the light environment pollution, the low operation cost and the environment radioactivity risk. The disadvantages of the project are the public fear from the nuclear risk, the difficult to dispose the nuclear waste, and the difficult to dismantle the nuclear power plant. My opinion is to develop the nuclear power plant in places with poor energy resource, and develop the hydroelectric power plant in places with rich water resource, and develop the wind power plant in places with rich wind resource, and develop the heat power plant in places with rich coal, oil, natural gas or other fossil fuel resources.