Flow Measurements in Metal Oxide-Nanoparticle Suspensions in a Rectangular Natural Circulation Loop

Abstract:

Natural circulation cooling systems, such as the thermosyphon loops are preferred as effective heat dissipation methods where a silent and vibration-free operation is desired in thermal control of devices and processes. Though anomalous enhancement in forced convection heat transfer coefficients have been reported for nanofluids, the effect of addition of nanoparticles to base fluids in natural convection circulation loops is not clearly understood. An experimental study is reported in this work, using aluminum oxide and copper oxide nanofluids with varying concentrations, in a thermosyphon loop. The flow velocity is arrived at from the measured pressure drop. At a nanoparticle concentration of 0.01% by volume Al2O3-water and CuO-water nanofluids shows 88.37% and 42.89% improvement in flow, respectively.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 685)
• Pages: 145-149
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.685.145
• Online since: April 2013
• Authors: Thomas Shijo, Kumar Kochunni Sarun, Choondal Balakrishnapanicker Sobhan
• Keywords: Al₂O₃, Nanofluid, Pressure Drop, Thermosyphon

References

[1] S.U.S. Choi, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows. FED-vol 231/MD vol- 66, (1995), 99–105.

[2] J.A. Eastman., S.U.S. Choi, S. Li, L.J. Thompson, Anomalously increased Effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles, Appl. Phys. Lett, 78, (2001) 718–720.

DOI: 10.1063/1.1341218

[3] J.A. Eastman, S. Lee, S.U.S. Choi, S. Li, Enhanced thermal conductivity through the development of nanofluids, Materials Research Society Symposium – Proceedings, vol. 457, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, (1997), 3-11.

[4] S. Lee, S.U.S. Choi, S. Li, J.A. Eastman, Measuring thermal conductivity of fluids containing oxide nanoparticles, Journal of Heat Transfer 121 (1999) 280–289.

DOI: 10.1115/1.2825978

[5] X. Wang, X. Xu, S.U.S. Choi, Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle–fluid mixture, Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 13 (4) (1999) 474– 480.

DOI: 10.2514/2.6486

[6] Y. Hwang, J.K. Lee, C.H. Lee, Y.M. Jung, S.I. Cheong, C.G. Lee, B.C. Ku, S.P. Jang, Stability and thermal conductivity characteristics of nanofluids, Thermochim. Acta 455 (1-2) (2007) 70–74.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2006.11.036

[7] S. Iijima, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature 354 (6348)(1991) 56–57.

DOI: 10.1038/354056a0

[8] Choi, S. U. S., Zhang, Z. G., Yu,W., Lockwood, F. E., and Grulke, E. A., Anomalously Thermal Conductivity Enhancement in Nanotube Suspensions, Applied Physics Letters, 79, (2001) 2252– 2254.

DOI: 10.1063/1.1408272

[9] J.M. Li, Z.L. Li, B.X. Wang, Experimental viscosity measurements for copper oxide nanoparticle suspensions, Tsinghua Sci. Tech. 7 (2) (2002) 198–201.

[10] Y. Ding, H. Alias, D. Wen, R.A. Williams, Heat transfer of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes (CNT nanofluids), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49 (1–2) (2005) 240–250.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.009

[11] B.C. Pak, Y. Cho, Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particle, Experimental Heat Transfer 11 (1998) 151–170.

DOI: 10.1080/08916159808946559

[12] K.S. Hwang, S.P. Jang, S.U.S. Choi, Flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids in fully developed laminar flow regime, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 193–199.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.06.032

[13] M. Chandrasekar, S. Suresh, A. Chandra Bose, Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a circular pipe under laminar flow with wire coil inserts, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34 (2010) 122-130.

DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.10.001

[14] Gwon Hyun Ko, Kyoungyoon Heo, Kyoungjun Lee, An experimental study on the pressure drop of nanofluids containing carbon nanotubes in a horizontal tube, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50 (2007) 4749-4753.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.029

[15] Weerapun Duangthongsuk, Somchai Wongwises, Heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop characteristics of TiO2–water nanofluid in a double-tube counter flow heat exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (2009) 2059-2067.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.10.023

[16] A.K. Nayak , M.R. Gartia, P.K. Vijayan: An experimental investigation of single-phase natural circulation behaviour in a rectangular loop with Al2O3 nanofluids, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 33 (2008) 184-189.

DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2008.07.017

[17] Drew, S.L. Passman, Theory of Multi Component Fluids, Springer, Berlin, 1999.