A Method for the Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Material Parts

Abstract:

Developments in additive manufacturing add possibilities to produce three-dimensional industrial parts. Nowadays, customized parts can be obtained in short period directly from digital data. One of major recent evolutions of additive manufacturing is the ability to produce functionally graded material (FGM) parts. These materials can be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over the volume. The use of these materials is particularly attractive in fields such as aeronautical or biomedical where the multimaterial parts allow to modify locally mechanical, chemical, physical or biochemical properties. To move from the design to the fabrication of FGM parts, the necessary steps include representation of the part and determination of a manufacturing strategy to control the process.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 698)
• Pages: 117-126
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.698.117
• Online since: May 2013
• Authors: Pierre Muller, Jean Yves Hascoet, Pascal Mognol
• Keywords: Additive Manufacturing (AM), Functionally Graded Material (FGM), Manufacturing Strategy

References

[1] I. Gibson, D.W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing, Springer, 2009.

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1120-9_14

[2] R. Campbell, D. Bourell, I. Gibson, Additive manufacturing: rapid prototyping comes of age, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 18-4 (2000) 255-258.

DOI: 10.1108/13552541211231563

[3] M. Niino, A. Suzuki, T. Hirai, R. Watanabe,T. Hirano, N. Kuroishi, U.S. Patent 4,571,099. (1998)

[4] M.S. Domack, J.M. Baughman, Development of nickel-titanium graded composition components, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 11-1 (2005) 41-51.

DOI: 10.1108/13552540510573383

[5] W. Pompe, H. Worch, M. Epple, W. Friess, M. Gelinsky, P. Greil, U. Hempel, D. Scharnweber, K. Schulte, Functionally graded materials for biomedical applications, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 362-1 (2003) 40-60.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(03)00580-x

[6] B. Kieback, A Neubrand, H. Riedel, Processing techniques for functionally graded materials, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 362-1 (2003) 81-106.

DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(03)00578-1

[7] J. Fessler, A. Nickel, F. Prinz, Functional gradient metallic prototypes through shape deposition manufacturing, Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, U.S.A., 1997.

[8] Y. Pei, V. Ocelik, J. De Hosson, SiCp/Ti6Al4V functionally graded materials produced by laser melt injection, Acta Materialia, 50-8 (2002) 2035-2051.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6454(02)00049-6

[9] J. Majumbar, I. Manna, A. Kumar, P. Bhargava, A. Nath, Direct laser cladding of Co on Ti-6Al-4V with a compositionally graded interface, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 209-5 (2009) 2237-2243.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.05.017

[10] V. Balla, P. De Vas Con Cellos, W. Xue, S. Bose, A. Bandyopadhyay, Fabrication of compositionally and structurally graded Ti-TiO2 structures using laser engineered net shaping (LENS), Acta Biomaterialia, 5-5 (2009) 1831-1837.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.011

[11] Q.X. Xia, M.Y. Wong, Simultaneous optimization of the material properties and the topology of functionally graded structures, Computer-Aided Design, 40-6 (2008) 660-675.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cad.2008.01.014

[12] X.Y, Kou, S.T. Tan, Heterogeneous object modeling: A review, Computer-Aided Design, 39-4 (2007) 284-301.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cad.2006.12.007

[13] J. Kao, F. Prinz, Optimal motion planning for deposition in layered manufacturing, Proceedings of the Design Engineering Technical Conferences, Atlanta, U.S.A., 1998.

[14] K.H. Shin, D. Dutta, Process-planning for layered manufacturing of heterogeneous objects using direct metal deposition, Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2-4 (2002) 330-344.

DOI: 10.1115/1.1559152

[15] A. Xu, L.L. Shaw, Equal distance offset approach to representing and process planning for solid freeform fabrication of functionally graded materials, Computer-Aided Design, 37-12 (2005) 1308-1318.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cad.2005.01.005

[16] P. Mognol, P. Muller, J.Y. Hascoet, A novel approach to produce functionally graded materials for additive manufacturing, Proceedings of the Conference on Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping, Leiria, Portugal, 2011.

DOI: 10.1201/b11341-76

[17] J.Y. Hascoet, P. Muller, P. Mognol, Manufacturing of complex parts with continuous functionally graded materials (FGM), Proceedings of the Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, U.S.A., 2011.

DOI: 10.1108/rpj-01-2013-0011

[18] P. Muller, P. Mognol, J.Y. Hascoet, Functionally graded material (FGM) parts: from design to the manufacturing simulation, Proceedings of the ASME Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Nantes, France, 2012.

DOI: 10.1115/esda2012-82586