Advanced Materials Research Vols. 724-725

Abstract: Numerical simulation of certain diesel engine Urea-SCR catalyst is carried out using computational fluid dynamics method. Injection and atomization of Urea solution, evaporation of water and thermolysis of Urea are taken into account, while the surface chemical reaction in the carrier is ignored. Through the study of ammonia concentration distribution index on the inlet cross-section of the carrier, performance of the catalyst under different situations is evaluated and compared, which can provide some guiding suggestion for further optimization, and the different situations are cases with or without a mixer, cases with different injection distances, cases with different nozzle numbers and cases with different nozzle diameters.

Abstract: Composition and structural characteristics of floaters were detected and forming reasons were analysed through modern reservoir engineering theory, equipment analysis and physical simulation.Experiments on flowing characteristics, fluid diversion effect and driving effect were carried out. The results show that floaters are formed by huge amounts of tiny bubble absorbing crude oil and suspended solids in floating progress which make their density lower than water. Disposed floaters have better adaptability and can block off high-permeability. Furthermore, profile control effect turns better as particle concentration and permeability ratio increases. However,floater particles have selectivity to permeability ratio. When permeability ratio is not less than 8, profile control agent may damage low-permeability layers and cause succeeding water passing through high-permeability layers. Therefore, only when floaters adapt well to permeability ratio can we get better profile control effect.

Abstract: In order to understand the burning rate of AP/HTPB propellant of the base bleed unit, the p-t curves of combustion of AP/HTPB base bleed propellant are measured in the closed bomb. The burning rate formula of the propellant under 50-200MPa is obtained by fitting to the experimental results. Based on division zone combustion theory, a simplified model of the burning rate of AP/HTPB base bleed propellant under high pressure is established. The calculation results and the experimental results are in good agreement.

Abstract: Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from transesterification reaction of palm olein oil with methanol in the presence of Na₃PO₄ as heterogeneous catalyst was investigated. The effects of molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst and reaction temperature on the yield of FAME were studied. The results showed that sodium phosphate can be used effectively as heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification reaction. The rate of reaction and yield of FAME depend on molar ratio of methanol to oil, amount of catalyst used and operating temperature. Molar ratio of methanol to oil of higher than 18:1 gives fastest rate of reaction and highest FAME content. Higher operating temperatures tend to accelerate the rate of reaction but reduces glycerol by-product quality. When large excess of methanol is used, the experimental results agrees with irreversible 1^st order kinetic model and the activation energy is found to be 43.6 kJ/mol.

Abstract: Pr-Zr mixed oxides prepared by co-precipitation were used as oxygen carriers for converting methane into synthesis gas through gas-solid reactions. The structural evolution and reducibility of Pr-Zr oxygen carriers with calcination temperatures from 600 to 1200°C were investigated by XRD and TPR techniques and correlated to their activity for methane selective oxidation. The Pr-Zr mixed oxides calcined at 600-800°C show outstanding thermostability, and higher calcination temperatures result in phase segregation. Pr0.7Zr0.3O2-δ possesses high temperature stability(<900 °C) and the best appropriate calcination temperature is 800°C for methane gas-solid reaction.

Abstract: This paper studied gasoline vapor combustion catalyzed by Pd/Al₂O₃ in oxygen-poor condition. By adjusting the gasoline vapor and oxygen, the inlet temperature and flow rate, collecting data of temperature difference between outlet and inlet as well as the change of gas mixture, the study analyzed the various factors in the catalytic combustion process, and optimized the process control parameters. The results indicated that catalytic combustion was more efficient at the ignition temperature of 274 °C, burned 50% of gasoline vapor in oxygen-poor condition (O₂ fraction was 12%).

Abstract: The coke oven gas vehicle is a type of clean energy vehicle. The composition and the physicochemical properties of COG are analyzed. Acceleration, emission, fuel economy and safety performances are studied. Compared with conventional vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles, COG vehicle meets the requirements of acceleration performance and are better on emission, safety and fuel economy performances.

Abstract: This paper by the following five areas: domestic resources and support capabilities, domestic production and supply capacity, international market ability to obtain national emergency regulation capacity, environmental security and ability to control to select the reserve-production ratio of the energy reserves replacement rate, the share of production, self-sufficiency ratethe share of imports, the price, the level of reserves, consumption intensity, carbon emissions, and clean energy proportion of 10 indicators, and finally design evaluation index system of energy security. It canbe description of the energy security overall situation by the energy safety index that calculated by weighted composite model.The results show that the energy security index the higher the value, the more secure the energy situation. The evaluation shows that under a realistic scenario, China's energy security degrees an average of 0.7125, which in the "basic security" state. If proper development planning, and effective measures, by the 2020, 2030, Energy Security degrees maybe to 0.8411,0.8477 into the "safe" range. Case of the international community for the implementation of energy blockade in China, China's energy security may be reduced to 0.5520 "unsafe" level.

Abstract: Facing with increasingly serious problems such as energy depletion, global warming, world economic depression, and even political fluctuation, energy security gradually became a global concerned issue. Correspondingly, many studies on energy security have been conducted. Focusing on energy security assessment, a review is presented in this paper, covering the definition of energy security, assessment indicators of energy security, and assessment cases at different scales. It is concluded that a systematic model is required to simulate the energy system in a holistic way and to establish more objective and comprehensive indicators of energy security. The review is hopeful to shed light on the development of energy security study in the future.

Abstract: This paper brieflyintroduced the countries all over the world and China's energy securitysituation of coal resources. According to the international development trend,it is imperative to integration coal resources in China. Analysis of theproblems and solutions encountered in the integration of coal resources inShanxi Province, With the gradual integration of coal resources in ShanxiProvince, that a nationwide coal resources integration will subsequentlycommence. Establish a scientific and rational policy-oriented, has an importantpractical significance for China's energy security and industrial architecture.