Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: Sodium polyphosphate-crosslinked starch was synthesized by using cassava starch and sodium polyphosphate as main material and crosslinked agent individually. On above basis, double crosslinked amphoteric cassava starch resin was synthesized by N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide as inner-crosslinked agent, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylic acid as amphoteric grafted monomer. The product was characterized by infrared spectrum (FTIR). The results indicate that the cassava starch was modified successfully, and the final product was double crosslinked amphoteric cassava starch resin. Adsorption behavior of Cu²⁺ was studied in the condition of different adsorption time, and found that the removal rate and the adsorption capacity of Cu²⁺ reached up to 98.3% and 196.6 mg/g respectively.

Abstract: Fly ash is produced from the combustion of powdered coal and used to synthesize zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment with stirring. By varying the experimental conditions different types of zeolite were produced. In this study, mixture of sodium hydroxide and fly ash in a pre-determined ratio, was milled and fused at 700°C for 1h.The resultant fused mixture added to water in a Teflon reaction vessel and incubated at a temperature of 100°C and autogenously pressure. At the end, the reaction products recovered by filtration. The synthesized zeolite was characterized using various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The zeolite-P1 was tested for decontamination potential of mine water. High removal efficiency was observed in the first treatment, but varied for different contaminants. The synthesised zeolite-P1 exhibited a high efficiency for the removal of heavy metal cations, such as zinc, copper, lead and cadmium from contaminated mine water.

Abstract: A new membrane carrier was presented to immobilize zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVI NPs) for the removal of contaminants in water. The modified PAN-based oxidized membrane was prepared through acid treating method and used as a nanoreactor to chelate Fe (III) ions for the reductive formation of highly reactive ZVI NPs. The ZVI NP immobilized membrane system is stable and effectively degrades trichloroethylene (TCE). These results suggest that PAN-based oxidized membrane containing ZVI NPs exhibits the good properties and significant potential for environmental applications.

Abstract: The CdS quantum dots sensitized TiO₂ nanotubes were prepared by sequential chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) method and characterized by FE-SEM and UV-vis spectroscopy. And they were used to degrade the dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in aqueous under sunlight irradiation. The results show that these photo-catalysts have the highest performance, while the initial concentration of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solution is 10 mg / L, the degradation rates reaches above 80% in the optimum condition which is the CdS deposited 20 cycles, catalyst dosage ~3cm², and the sunlight irradiating 180 minutes.

Abstract: Physical polarization Water Treatment (PPWT) is a new technology that takes advantage of polarization electric field polarizing water molecules to achieve the purpose of scale inhibition and dissolution as well as killing bacteria and algae. The PPWT device made by Shandong Langkun Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd and running in the biomass power plant of Shandong Kaitai Group Co. achieved the effects of scale inhibition and solution which are even more superior to the traditional method of chemical dosing. It brings annual water conservation of 147600 m³ and economic benefits of hundreds of thousands to millions for forsaking chemical dosing for a 15MW power unit. Therefore, Considerable economic and social benefits and the goals required by the state to the enterprises of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection are achieved.

Abstract: Using potted wheat, corn, soybean and mung bean as the materials, the effects of different treatments with six kinds of concentration ( 0.1 ~ 2.0 / mg.L^-1 ) of flavone extract from C.cathayensis exocarp on the relative electrical conductivity, root activity, nitrate reductase activity and nutritive absorption of four kinds of newborn crop seedlings roots were studied. The results showed that within the range of concentration of 0.1~ 0.5/mg.L^-1, the flavone extract promoted the nutritive growth of the four kinds of crops at seedling stage. The root activity of the wheat and mung bean seedlings were 0.29 and 0.35/ug.dg^-1.h^-1, 40-24% higher than CK, the nitrate reductase activity of the corn and soybean seedlings were 49.9 and 53.1/mg.L^-1, with an increase of 54-24%. The effects of flavone extract on the four kinds of crop reached the significant or extremely significant level (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). A suitable concentration of flavone extract could significantly promote the root absorption on N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, but in view of four kinds of crop, the different concentration has different promotive or inhibitive effect. Research results showed that the appropriate concentration of flavone extract from C.cathayensis exocarp could promote the growth of four kinds of crop seedlings, and improve the effect of the mineral nutrient absorption of seedling newborn roots.

Abstract: Jankowskis bunting Emberiza janknowshkii Taczanovski is a glacial relict species. Habitat selection of jankowskis bunting Emberiza janknowshkii Taczanovski was investigated in Keerqin grassland of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that E. janknowshkii had obvious choice of habitat preference. Perch, the coverage of earth surface and height of plant had a significant impact on habitat selection of E. janknowshkii. Therefore, we should strengthen the protection for apricot, reduce human activities, such as cut grass, and protect height and coverage vegetation. And E. janknowshkii should be enclosure protected.

Abstract: A novel extraction method based on environmental protection was founded through molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), overcoming the defects of traditional extraction methods, such as reagents consuming, complex operation and environmental pollution. MIPs were prepared by precipitation polymerization with picroside II or ginsenoside rg1 as the template molecule. The morphology of MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscope and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. In addition, MIPs were filled in the solid phase extraction (SPE) column to separate and enrich the template molecule and its analogues, compared with C₁₈-SPE column. The results indicated that MIPs have high affinity toward the template molecules, which might offer a novel method for the extraction of active compounds in the traditional herbal medicine.

Abstract: Based on monofactorial comparison experiment, the following two excellent technological formations was derived for the production of starch-based totally-biodegradable tray via extruding, pelleting, slicing, and sucking molding: The first formulation: 40% of starch, 12.5% of DOP, 5% of EVA, 15% of polyvinyl alcohol, 20% of talc power and calcium carbonate, and 7.5% of other materials. The material temperature in high-speed kneader was about 90°C, rotation velocity was 600 r/min, kneading duration was 5~10 minutes, diameter of screw stem of extruder was 90 mm, ratio of length versus diameter of screw stem (L/D) was 44, rotation velocity of the screws stem was 40~50 r/min. Temperature in four segments of extruder were 145°C, 155 °C, 150°C, and 160°C respectively, and temperature in extruder head was 170 °C; the material rod extruded was set while passing a cold water bath, and then was cut to pellets whose size was 3 mm×3 mm; the latter was transformed into slices and subject to sucking molding after predrying; temperature of sucking molding was 180~190°C, and sucking molding duration was 15~20 seconds. The second formulation: 60% of starch, 15% of DOP, 5% of PHB, 15% of polyvinyl alcohol, and 5% of other materials. All technological parameters were the same with that for the first formulation. According to the test result of Chinese institute of plastic processing, the biodegradation ratio of the tray made through the above treatment 1 and 2 in 30 days amounted to 54.2% and 70.6% respectively, which showed that a satisfied biodegradation effect was realized.

Abstract: Dyeing and finishing processes applied in the textile industry are the most common source of water pollution. The wastewater containing dyes is difficult to treat. The fly ash modified by alkali was investigated in this study to evaluate the removal efficiency of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The experimental results shown that the efficiency of adsorption could be prominent improved by alkali activated fly ash. Alkali activated fly ash could be an economical adsorbents used for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment processes.