Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: The study on the start-up of the pilot-scale immobilized and suspended biomass combination processing to treat the comprehensive effluent from a wheat straw pulp and paper plant was performed. The carrier packing selected in this experiment is a new type of microbial carrier (modified polyurethane foam plastic packing) which dosing rate was 20% of the reactor volume. The low quantity of inoculation sludge way is used to start the system. The test results show that the removal efficiency of COD and SS by the immobilized and suspended biomass combination technology system after a weak or so can be stable, as the effluent SS was below 50mg/L, the removal rate of 95% or more and the effluent COD was below 260mg/L, the removal rate of 85% or more. From start to 10th day, the attached sludge concentration on biomass conversion was more than 20g/L, while the microscope observation to biological adherent microbes suspended sludge and carrier phase indicated abundant microbial species. The fact indicates that the start-up can be finished in 10 days.

Abstract: Experiments were operated for the purposes of dewatering oily sludge and reducing sludge volume with ultrasonic technology. The effect of clay dosage, temperature, ultrasonic time and emulsifier dosage were assessed respectively. The result shows that: when the temperature is 40°C, ultrasonic time is 20min; demulsifier dosage is 15ml and clay dosage is 15g, 500ml volume of oily sludge decreased to 40ml. Oil concentration is up to 158.45mg/l in 460ml separation fluid. This method may obtain the economical benefit and be feasible in technology. Treating oily sludge with ultrasonic technology is good at the subsequent processing of oil sludge.

Abstract: To isolate lignin of PHL, PEO with various molecular weights (MW) s were added to PHL under different process conditions, and the turbidity and size of complexes formed in the PHL, as well as the lignin, hemicelluloses (sugar) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of PHL were assessed after PEO treatments. Alternatively, poly aluminum chloride (PAC) (200 mg/l) and PEO (8 MDa MW) (200 mg/l) were employed in a dual polymer system to extract the lignin of PHL. In this work, the maximum removals of 46% lignin, 18.8% sugars, and 32% COD were obtained under the conditions of 400 mg/g PEO (with a MW of 8 MDa) at pH 2 and room temperature in a singular PEO polymer system.

Abstract: A huge amount of industrial water is necessary for continuous development of industries in the world. Various mineral scales forming at facilities on the ground within the water utilization process due to dissolved salts in the natural waters. Silica scale is a significantly serious problem to prevent the effectively operation of industries due to its hard structure and low solubility. This paper only focus on formation of silica scales, summarized its formation mechanism, influence factors and prevention methods.

Abstract: As the Fenton-like oxidation reaction based on iron-bearing minerals could solve some problems of the traditional Fenton oxidation reaction, it became a talking point in academic circles worldwide recently. For the Fenton-like reaction, catalyst selection is an important research parameter. The new Fenton-like reaction uses iron-bearing cinder as catalyst by employing Reactive Black 5 (RB5), the object of investigation, as the target pollutant. By examining the dosage of catalyst, hydrogen peroxide, initial pH, reaction time, concentration of pollutants, optimized reaction conditions can be obtained. Results show that pyrite cinder gives rise to high catalytic activity in the Fenton-like reaction. When 5ml/L of hydrogen peroxide and 10g/L of cinder were added to 75mg/L of dye, the removal rate of RB5 was found to be 96% in 4 hours. Compared to the traditional Fenton reaction, it has a wider pH range and higher catalytic oxidation activity, especially under alkaline condition.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to investigate foulants in chemical cleaning solutions of membrane (CCSM). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used as chemical agents respectively. Hydrophobicity, molecular weight distribution and metal ions of foulants in CCSM were analyzed as the major characters for membrane fouling. Results reveal that alkali cleaning can remove both hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions of natural organic matters (NOM), and acid cleaning mainly removes hydrophilic organic matters. Medium molecular weight of very hydrophobic acids (1-10 kDa) and different molecular weight of neutral hydrophilic acids (100-1000 Da & >300kDa) in NOM can lead to membrane irreversible fouling. Acid cleaning is relatively effective for the reduction of inorganic foulants. The main metal ions in acid cleaning solutions are K ,Ca, Al and Mn, which are responsible for membrane inorganic fouling.

Abstract: The accident that occurred in Zhenjiang in Feburary 2012 caused chaos in local society and international attention. It was caused by chemical leak from cargo ship but the weak communication between the government and the community played a vital role. This paper analyzes the accident scenario using the risk analysis framework, determines key factors influenced the occurrence of the basic events. By comparing study we conclude that the key factors affecting such water pollution accidents includes timely information release, perfect water supply system and strict legal system.Keywords: water pollution accident; environmental accident; risk analysis; government’s role; information release

Abstract: Microwave energy was used to prepare modified activated carbons (GAC, GAC/MW, GAC/Ni, and GAC/Cu). The modified activated carbons were used for phenol adsorption in aqueous solution. The adsorption conditions were optimized. Adsorption capacities of the different modified activated carbons were evaluated. The effect of microwave pretreatment of activated carbons was investigated. A comparative study on the activated carbons adsorption capacities was also investigated. Under optimal conditions the results showed that there was no obvious effect on activated carbons adsorption when rising temperature and pH during the adsorption process. Stirring has a very high effect on the activated carbons adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbons reaches 95%. MW/GAC, GAC/Ni and GAC/Cu adsorptive capacity was higher compared to the Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) used as received. GAC treated with microwave energy has highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of GAC loaded with ion Ni²⁺ is higher than the activated carbon loaded with Cu²⁺. The untreated GAC has the lowest adsorption capacity. These results can be explained by the effect of microwave irradiation on GAC.The activated carbon loaded with Ni²⁺ adsorbs more microwave energy than the GAC loaded with Cu²⁺.

Abstract: A new reactor was designed. It based on magnetic field and photocatalytic technology which have the ability to improve the swage treatment effect. It was improved and optimized according to combining photocatalysis with the magnetic field that could strengthen photocatalysis process. The modified k-ε equation model was used to simulate the wastewater velocity in the reactor. Results show that in the reaction zone,the fluid appeared circulation and the turbulence intensity was strong,which had advantage of increasing the contact of photocatalytic materials and organic molecules for improving the magnetic field and photocatalysis coupling reactive efficiency.

Abstract: According to reclaimed water in the sewage treatment plant is poor , quality of circulating water is difficult to control, which caused the water tower water quantity and large water treatment medicament consumption and so on,we made an analysis.