Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: This study aims to discuss the use of water resources conservation and compensation fees in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The study also discusses the feasibility of using the conservation indicator the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a distribution factor for the compensation fee. Results from this study demonstrate that whilst NDVI is able to show changes in forested areas, the analysis is limited by large technical requirements and results are dependent on the quality of the satellite imagery. Therefore, the acceptability of the proposal to use the NDVI as a distribution factor for compensation fees by the township offices that make compensation fee applications is uncertain. This method requires more in-depth research to determine its feasibility.

Abstract: Exampled by Weishan irrigated area, the largest irrigation area in the lower basin of Yellow River, this study summarizes the experience of erosion controlling on desilting highland for years and proposes comprehensive control modes including water diversion irrigation management. After taking the engineering measures such as land leveling, soil mulching and land planishing and the vegetation measures such as slope protection by highland vegetation and shelterbelt network, the desilting highland in Weishan irrigation area was overall controlled, soil erosion and ecological environment deterioration have been restrained effectively.

Abstract: In allusion to the problem of flood disaster classification, this paper proposes a chaotic differential evolution algorithm for to calculate the best projection direction for a projection pursuit model. By using polynomial function and penalty function, the objective function can be solved more perfectly. The new algorithm has been examined and tested with a real flood disaster.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for analyzing the bacterial and cyanobacterial diversities of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in sandy land. Soil microbial DNA was extracted from BSCs under different plantations in Horqin Sandy Land of Northeast China. 16S rRNA gene fragments from bacteria and cyanobacteria were amplified by universal bacterial and cyanobacteria-specific primers. Fourteen and six prominent bands were detected in the bacterial and cyanobacterial DGGE profiles, respectively. These bands were excised, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis classified the bacterial sequences into the following main groups: Escherichia, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Shigella, and Pseudomonas. The cyanobacterial sequences were classified as Microcoleus, Leptolyngbya and Haslea. Our study suggests that DGGE is a useful technique for detecting dominant species compositions of bacterial and cyanobacterial communities in biological soil crusts, and specific primers are recommended for PCR of 16S rRNA gene fragments.

Abstract: Effects of promoting rainwater infiltration and the impact factors of concave herbaceous field were analyzed in urban area of Jinan at different scenarios of designed rainfall frequencies, greening rates and concave depths. The capability of rainwater storage and infiltration is correlated negatively with designed rainfall frequency, and positively with concave depth, greening rate and soil infiltration coefficient. The results show that when the ratio of green space is 30% and the concave depth is 100mm, the rainwater collection rate of concave herbaceous field is 76.55% and 63.45% respectively under the rainfall of 1-year and 3-years return periods.

Abstract: The study was conducted in arbor forests, arbor-shrub forests and shrub lands in Karst peak-cluster depression areas. We investigated soil property and water-holding capacity in the three types of woodland by means of cutting-ring and water immersion. Our results show that soil bulk density presents an increasing trend along with soil layers deepening, while total soil porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity decrease. Natural water-holding capacity of soil, saturation water-holding capacity of soil, water-storage capacity of capillary and soil water storage capacity decline with deeper soil layers in all the three forests. Water-holding capacity and immersion time of soil meet the equation Y=kln (X)+b and the equation Y=k(X)^-b fits water absorption rate and soaking time of soil well.

Abstract: Water resources, as a strategic resource, affect greatly ecological safety and sustainable development in a region. Based on meaning of Water resources carrying capacity, author selected three categories including of nine indexes and constituted index system. Huhhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,water resources carrying capacity was analyzed in Principle Component Analysis. The results show that exploitative and using capacity of water resources from high to low in Huhhot is city area, Wuchuan county, Tuketuo county, Qingshuihe county, Helingeer county, and Tumotezuo banner. Although the city region in the six areas is highest on the exploitative and using capacity of water resources, its potential capacity in city region is lower than its counties around. Tumotezuo banner of the six areas is highest in potential carrying capacity.The contradiction of the city area between supplement and demand is bigger than that of its counties around.The key to improve carrying capacity of water resources is to reform the using model of water resources in city area.

Abstract: Based of the technology of CAD VBA and Access database, the program of water quality monitoring information management in mining subsidence area is developed; it mainly includes functions of attribute query, attribute edition, visualization of water monitoring point. The table structure in monitoring point attribute database is designed, and problem of dynamic linkage between drawing data and attribute data is solved. The key code about them is given in the paper. The program can provide some decision support for reasonable use of water resources and environment protection in the mine area, and will promote the more scientific and sustainable development of mine area.

Abstract: Tianluoshan relic sites is a typical earthen sites located at moisture circumstances, where craking, chalking, flaking and mould are the main geological diseases after excavation. For public exhibition and long-term preservation purpose, chemical stabilization were required. In this study, the potential application of methyl acrylic acid resin for solidification of Tianluoshan relic soils were evaluated by a series of laboratory permeation tests. The main considered influence factors include: dry density, initial water content and degree of saturation. The results show that the permeation effect of methyl acrylic acid resin were greatly related with dry density and initial water content of the earthen soils, the practical application guidance are also presented.

Abstract: The ground cracks caused by mine activities lead to soil destruction in sandy area. Most of the previous literatures focus on the soil properties change before and after the large area subsidence, and the research of the ground crack impact on soil are inadequate. This paper takes the soil around the static cracks as the research object, analyzes the impact law of the soil total nitrogen by using the comparative analysis method. The impact law and impact range of the soil total nitrogen by ground crack, and the impact mechanism of the soil porosity and soil particle size, are analyzed. The result show that: within 200cm away from static cracks, the soil total nitrogen content is decreases in the close distance, increases in the middle, and keeps gentle change in the long distance; The effect boundary of the total nitrogen by static cracks is about 100cm, providing information for further study on the soil quality influenced by coal mining in the sandy area.