Advanced Materials Research Vol. 842

Abstract: The poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a promising candidate material for using in polymer solar cells researches due to its good absorbance and stability. In this study, we present the electro-optical performance of organic polymer solar cells based on P3HT: [6,-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with weight ratio of 1:1. We added ZnO nanoparticles into the blending of P3HT and PCBM to improve the performance of polymer solar cells. ZnO nanoparticles are very promising inorganic metal oxides for use in organic solar cells because of its low cost, nontoxicity, high reflectance and good electron transport properties. The morphology of polymer solar cell was improved due to the additional of ZnO nanoparticles. The effects of thermal annealing on the solar cell had been studied. The post-annealing shows significant improvement in the performance for solar cell. How to prevent ZnO nanoparticles to agglomerate is essential as they are added to the active layer of the solar cell. Well dispersed ZnO nanoparticles are obtained by using the methanol solvent. The best performances of the solar cell with short-circuit current density of 14.66 mW/cm² and efficiency of 3.92% can be obtained after post-annealed with well being dispersed 1.3wt% ZnO nanoparticles in the active layer.

Abstract: As thickener in reactive printing, sodium alginate had the following disadvantages, bad rheology, edge infiltration of the printed fine pattern, large flower permeability etc. Taking starch as raw material, Taking starch as raw material, we adopted stepwise alkaline process in this paper to prepare modified starch as the printing paste, in order to improve sodium alginate paste. to select suitable new printing paste to print fine pattern. We tested the physical properties such as viscosity, rheology, holding water etc,

Abstract: The competitive growth of multiple dendrites and crystal growth of directional solidification in a Mg-Al binary alloy were simulated using phase-field model, and the effect of undercooling value on the microstructural dendritic growth pattern in directional solidification process was studied in the paper. The simulation results showed the impingement of the adjacent grains, which made the dendrite growth inhibited in the competitive growth of multiple dendrites, and in directional solidification process, quantitative comparison of different undercooling values that predicted the columnar dendrite evolution were carried out. With the increasing of the undercooling value, the dendrite tip radius and second dendrite arms became smaller, and the crystal structure is more uniform and dense.

Abstract: Precipitates in ultra-high strength Ti micro-alloyed strips with 700MPa yield strength on TSCR process and in the thermal simulation experimental specimen are observed via Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), the results show that: the precipitates in the Ti micro-alloyed cast slab thermal simulation experiment can be divided into three categories: 1) micron-sized liquation TiN, 2) 100-200nm sized TiC formed along original austenite grain boundaries or along the dendrite segregation band, 3) solid precipitated 50-100nm sized TiN. Deformation induced spherical TiC (about 10nm-30nm) homogeneously distributed in the matrix after the austenite deformation .After simulated coiling, dispersed TiC (about 5-15nm ) precipitated from ferrite are found in the specimen. TiN with hundreds of nanometers size are commonly found in Ti micro-alloyed strips in industrial production. Ti₄C₂S₂ and Ti (CN) are complex precipitated, Ti₄C₂S₂ size is less than 30nm; physical and chemical phase analysis shows that the nanosized TiC precipitates are characterized by high volume fraction and small dimensions.

Abstract: In this paper, non-ionic polyurethane surfactant which has real good surface activity and better emulsifying capability was totally substitute low molecular weight surfactant for preparing polyacrylate emulsion without any other stabilizer. Kinetics of polymerization was studied and the results showed polymerization with a high rate in initial period and nucleation period was is inversely proportional to the surfactant concentration. The morphology of particles was sphere with core-shell structure. Mechanical testing results shows latex film composed with PUS IGM2000 is better than the one with PUS IGM1000.

Abstract: Nowadays, its more common of dispensing a topping material like concrete crystalline penetration sealer materials (CSM) onto the surface of a plastic substance such as concrete to extend its service life span by surface protections from outside breakthrough. Its known as the CSM may penetrate into the existing pores or possible cracks in such a way that it may form crystals to block the potential paths which provide breakthrough for any unknown materials. Even though all kinds of test data and researches have been reported to boast of its advantages in both theoretical technologies and application functions, to accept that as an agreed fact, namely the major components and those proportions have not been fully announced in public or research. This study employed various experiments, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), to identify key components of CSM for developing another type of CSM so that its components could be open for the public. There are two types of commercial CSM adopted for the tests and then thru a series of discusses of test results the most possible components of CSM are proposed as a future reference of CSM related researches.

Abstract: The ceramics with large bulk density and high bending strength were fabricated via semi-dry pressing and pressureless sintering in the air. Andalusite and calcined bauxite were used as the raw materials, sintering aids such as potassium feldspar, albite, talc, spodumene and borax were added to promote the densification and decrease the sintering temperature of the samples. The best physical properties were obtained on a sample of optimal composition (the addition of sintering aid was talc) sintered at 1500 °C for 3 h, i.e. a bending strength of 138.52 MPa and bulk density of 2.61gcm^-3, the sintering temperature was lower than sample without addition of sintering aid.

Abstract: This paper investigates a magnetic fiber made of magnesium ferrite particle and PVA. Magnesium ferrite particles were prepared using chemical co-precipitation method and characterized by FTIR spectra, size distribution and magnetism. In addition, the morphology of magnetic fibers was studied by SEM. Results show that magnesium ferrite particles present pretty good magnetism and quite uniform size distribution. With an increasing content of magnesium ferrite particle, the volume and mass of magnetic microspheres increase on the fiber surface.

Abstract: Three prediction models for concrete carbonation were investigated based on 79 groups accelerated carbonation data collected from the references. Model comparison and experimental verification demonstrate that the empirical models are simple and convenient for engineers, but it is often limited to the set of conditions under which they are developed. However, the theoretical model derivated from the carbonation mechanism and the mass conservation of carbonatable constituents is of good accuracy and applicability to real life scenarios.

Abstract: The wetting property of Zinc base solder was difficult, so surface active agent could improve the wettability. This paper studied the impact of surfactant OP - 10 to Zn20Sn solder soft solder physical properties and spreading performance, the results show that: when the surfactant OP - 10 content is 1 wt.%, the non-stick, corrosive, non-volatile content and stability of soft solder all meet the national standards and spreading performance is good.