Possibility of BFRs Extraction from E-Waste

Article Preview

Abstract:

E-waste contains high amount of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) which are toxic, bioaccumulative and recalcitrant. In the present study, an effective and environmental-friendly process using solvothermal treatment to extract tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a typical BFR from waste computer housing plastic was developed. After the solvothermal process, TBBPA were transferred into a special solvent phase and the bromine content in plastic after solvothermal treatment was greatly reduced, which confirmed the feasibility of solvothermal procedure for TBBPA extraction. This work provides a clean and applicable process for extraction of BFRs from plastic in e-waste.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Pages:

99-104

Citation:

Online since:

January 2014

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2014 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

[1] M. Alaee, P. Arias, A. Sjödin, Å. Bergman, An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release, Environ. Int. 29 (2003) 683-689.

DOI: 10.1016/s0160-4120(03)00121-1

Google Scholar

[2] M. Schlummer, L. Gruber, A. Mäurer, G. Wolz, R. van Eldik, Characterization of polymer fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and implications for waste management, Chemosphere 67 (2007) 1866-1876.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.05.077

Google Scholar

[3] F. Vilaplana, A. Ribes-Greus, S. Karlsson, Microwave-assisted extraction for qualitative and quantitative determination of brominated flame retardants in styrenic plastic fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), Talanta 78 (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.10.038

Google Scholar

[4] S. Herat, Envrionmental impacts and use of brominated flame retardants in electrical and electronic equipment, Environmentalist 28 (2008) 348-357.

DOI: 10.1007/s10669-007-9144-2

Google Scholar

[5] R.C. Hale, M.J. La Guardia, E. Harvey, M.O. Gaylor, T.M. Mainor, Brominated flame retardant concentrations and trends in abiotic media, Chemosphere 64 (2006) 181-186.

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.12.006

Google Scholar

[6] C.A. de Wit, An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment, Chemosphere 46 (2002) 583-624.

DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00225-9

Google Scholar

[7] Commission of the European Communities, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment and on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment, Brussels, 2000, pp.6-15.

DOI: 10.54648/eelr2003007

Google Scholar

[8] T. Imai, S. Hamm, K.P. Rothenbacher, Comparison of the recyclability of flame-retarded plastics, Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 652-656.

DOI: 10.1021/es025771c

Google Scholar

[9] X. Lou, H.G. Janssen, C.A. Cramers, Parameters affecting the accelerated solvent extraction of polymeric samples, Anal. Chem. 69 (1997) 1598-1603.

DOI: 10.1021/ac960766a

Google Scholar

[10] H.J. Vandenburg, A.A. Clifford, K.D. Bartle, J. Carroll, I. Newton, L.M. Garden, J.R. Dean, C.T. Costley, Critical review: analytical extraction of additives from polymers, Analyst 122 (1997) 101R–116R.

DOI: 10.1039/a704052k

Google Scholar

[11] F. Vilaplana, P. Karlsson, A. Ribes-Greus, P. Ivarsson, S. Karlsson, Analysis of brominated flame retardants in styrenic polymers: comparison of the extraction efficiency of ultrasonication, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized liquid extraction, J. Chromatogr. A 1196-1197 (2008).

DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.001

Google Scholar

[12] M. Schlummer, F. Brandl, A. Maurer, R. van Eldik, Analysis of flame retardant additives in polymer fractions of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) by means of HPLC-UV/MS and GPC-HPLC-UV, Journal of Chromatography A 1064 (2005).

DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.016

Google Scholar

[13] Y. Li, T. Wang, Y. Hashi, H. Li, J. Lin, Determination of brominated flame retardants in electrical and electronic equipments with microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Talanta 78 (2009) 1429-1435.

DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.02.046

Google Scholar

[14] T. Gamse, F. Steinkellner, R. Marr, P. Alessi, I. Kikic, Solubility studies of organic flame retardants in supercritical CO2, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 39 (2000) 4888-4890.

DOI: 10.1021/ie000231e

Google Scholar

[15] J.Y. Guo, J. Guo, Z.M. Xu, Recycling of non-metallic fractions from waste printed circuit boards: A review, J. Hazard. Mater. 168 (2009) 567-590.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.104

Google Scholar

[16] M. Choucair, P. Thordarson, J.A. Stride, Gram-scale production of graphene based on solvothermal synthesis and sonication, Nature Nanotech. 4 (2009) 30-33.

DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.365

Google Scholar

[17] C.C. Zhang, N.M. Zhu, F.S. Zhang, Advantage of solvothermal procedure for polychlorinated biphenyls removal from e-waste contaminated site, Chem. Eng. J. 178 (2011) 93-99.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2011.10.017

Google Scholar

[18] Y.S. Fung, K.L. Dao, Oxygen bomb combustion ion chromatography for elemental analysis of heteroatoms in fuel and wastes development, Anal. Chim. Acta. 315 (1995) 347-355.

DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00317-s

Google Scholar

[19] Y.S. Fung, K.L. Dao, Elemental analysis of chemical wastes by oxygen bomb combustion-ion chromatography, Anal. Chim. Acta. 334 (1996) 51-56.

DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00320-0

Google Scholar

[20] A.M. Altwaiq, M. Wolf, R.V. Eldik, Extraction of brominated flame retardants from polymeric waste material using different solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide, Anal. Chim. Acta. 491 (2003) 111-123.

DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00785-2

Google Scholar