Advanced Materials Research Vols. 881-883

Abstract: Silicon oil emulsion was prepared by mixing silicon oil with emulsifiers and water. To optimize the emulsifiers formulation, the D-optimal mixture design (DMD) in Design-Expert software was used to design the emulsifiers formulation. E-1304, AEO-3, SG-6and OP-10 were used as emulsifiers. According to the mixture design matrix given by Design Expert 8.0.5, 20 samples of silicon oil emulsion were prepared, and their stabilities were investigated. Through the establishment of the regression model, the analysis of the interaction among the variables and operating the optimization functions of the mixture design software, an optimized emulsifier formulation was given, and with which a silicon oil emulsion with high solid content (56%) and good stability was prepared.

Abstract: The emission factors and emission profiles of wood combustion tracers of different wood types were assessed. Emission profiles are additionally assessed for two advanced oven/boiler types. The emission profiles and emission ratios of wood smoke tracers to the PM emission of wood fires for the major tree species were established. From this a wood smoke profile will be derived which will be used to assess the impact of wood smoke to selected PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 sampling sites. Furthermore, using the energy-normalised PM mass emission data from different types of wood combustion appliances PM reduction scenarios will be assessed with the goal of a sustainable use of wood or wood-based fuels.

Abstract: The enzymatic hydrolysis parameters of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in algae oil to get sn-2 glycerel monostearte including substrate amount, lipase amount and reaction time was studied, and the products of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were detected by gas chromatography (GC). The result indicated that the optimum conditions to hydrolyze TAGs in algae oil were as follows: mass ratio of substrate to lipase of 1:1, 2 mL Tris-HCl buffer, 0.2 mL CaCl₂ solution, 0.5 mL sodium cholate hydrate solution were added in each 30mg substrate, and reaction time of 1.5 min with 120 rpm at 40 °C, the highest palmitic acid (PA) content accounted for 9.1% of total oil.

Abstract: A novel method has been developed for the determination of bisphenolA in slips of store receipts and ATM machine by head-space liquid-phase micro-extraction (HS-LPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The variable experimental conditions for the HS-LPME extraction process were optimized. The optimal conditions were using 2ul of toluene as organic solvent drop, 0.5g of the amount of sample and 1.0cm of the depth of micro-drop from the surface of the sample. After extracting for 10 min and detection limit of 1-100mg·L^-1. Detection limit (3 S/N) of the method was found to be 0.3mg·L^-1, precision and recovery of these methods were tested giving values of RSDs (n=6) less than 4.49%; and of recovery in th range of 98.80%-99.47%. The method shows advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity and high performance extraction to be in line with the analytical standard of the international organic pollutant.

Abstract: Five compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Euphorbia altotibetica. The structures of these compounds were elucidated as: β-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), chrysophanol (3), (-)-epiafzelechin (4), 5,2-dihydroxy-7,8,6-trimethoxyflavanone (5) by NMR datas, the antibacterial activity of all compounds were examined on five species of bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Abstract: The formulation of 5% Hexaflumuron suspension concentrates (SC) was optimized. Results showed that the optimum formulation consists of 5% Hexaflumuron, MF-5 1%, DISPERSE 1005 5%, Aluminum magnesium silicate 1.9%, 0.1% Xanthan gum (concentration is 2%), and 5% ethylene glycols, and water make up 100%. The product has good suspension stability and storage stability.

Abstract: Optimization of chromium sulfate catalyzed conversion conditions of xylose into furfural was studied by response surfacemethodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the effects of independent variables, including temperature (120-160°C), time (30-150min), catalyst loading (1-5mmol) and moles of xylose (2.5-12.5mmol) on furfural yield, xylose conversion and solid residue. The surface response analysis revealed that temperature, time, catalyst loading and moles of xylose had a strong influence on the furfural yield, whereas moles of xylose was found to be notsignificant for xylose conversion. The solid residue was affected by temperature, time and moles of xylose. The maximumpredicted furfural yield was 45.07% at temperature of 150°C, time of 12min, catalyst loading of 2 mmol and moles of xylose of 10mmol. Under this condition, xylose conversion could be reached 100%.

Abstract: The preparation of sucrose fatty acid ester (SFAE) by lipase-catalyzing reaction using Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) and its immobilized form Novozym 435 was reported in this work. The preparation was characterized in non-aqueous media with and without ultrasound irradiation treatment. A conversion rate of SFAE up to 49.60% was achieved using Novozym 435 under the optimal conditions (45.4°C; mole ratio of methyl oleate to sucrose = 6.0:1; 4.0 mL acetone; 4.0 mg/mL Novozym 435; and 24.6 h of reaction). Under optimal ultrasound conditions (50 kHz, 0.15 W/cm², 166.55 min), reaction time decreased by 75% approximately, compared with the control without ultrasonic irradiation, but the ultrasound irradiation treatment did not affect the SFAE yield catalyzed by Novozym 435. In the CalB-catalyzed preparation of SFAE under the same optimal reaction conditions, ultrasonic irradiation enhanced the activity of CalB during early time points and inhibited its activity after a long period of treatment. Moreover, CalB was further examined using Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the conformation and micro-morphology of CalB structural variations in various ultrasound irradiation treatments. CD results indicated that α-helical regions were increased and random coil regions remained at a similar level of proportion. SEM images showed small holes appeared on the surface of irradiated CalB. Therefore, we conclude that proper ultrasound irradiation could change the secondary structure and the surface morphology of the CalB in molecular level, and could accelerate the esterification reaction process.

Abstract: In this paper, generation and harm of SO₂ are described. Cansolv SO₂ Scrubbing, a regenerated amine process, is mainly described with respects to its process principle, features and application. This paper analyzed the existing problems such as corrosion , crystallization and loss of amine. Prevention measures were proposed according to the monitoring data, analysis and research.