Properties of Three Commercial Orthodontic Round Stainless Steel Wire

Abstract:

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the diameter, mechanical properties (tensile strength: flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, 0.2% yield strength and springback: three point bending test: bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force) and chemical properties (composition and corrosion resistance) of three commercial orthodontic round stainless steel wires. Materials and Method: The samples of this study are three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires, Highland (USA), Dentaurum (Germany) and W&H (China), 0.016 inch and 0.018 inch in size. The diameter was measured by micrometer and the mechanical properties were analyzed with tensile strength and three point bending test by Universal Testing Machine according to ISO 15841:2006. The composition was evaluated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) and the corrosion resistance was analyzed by a potentiodynamic polarization technique according to ISO 10271:2001. The data were analyzed with the Kolmoforov-Smith test, One-way ANOVA and Tukeys test. Results: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in diameter of the three commercial brands of orthodontic round stainless steel wires in both size except 0.016 in diameter between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel wire. In terms of tensile strength, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the flexural strength, flexural modulus of elasticity and springback in each variable, except W&H stainless steel wire with flexural strength in 0.016 and 0.018 wire size and springback in 0.018 wire size. However, in 0.2% yield strength, there was no significant difference in each brand and size except Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.018 wire size. For the three point bending test, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in bending stiffness and 0.1mm. offset bending force of each brand and size except 0.1mm. offset bending force between Dentaurum and Highland stainless steel in 0.016 wire size. In terms of chemical properties, there were the same elements but difference was found in percentage of each element, and W&H stainless steel had the least corrosion resistance. Conclusion: There were significant differences among three commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires in diameters, mechanical properties and chemical properties which will produce different force on each wire during tooth movement. All three brands, however, are acceptable for orthodontic use. The orthodontist should be aware of these differences in using stainless steel for orthodontic treatment.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 884-885)
• Pages: 619-624
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.884-885.619
• Online since: January 2014
• Authors: Nathaphon Tangit, Surachai Dechkunakorn*, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Pornkiat Churnjitapirom, Peerapong Tua-Ngam
• Keywords: Corrosion, Mechanical Property, Orthodontic, Stainless Steel Wire

References

[1] Thurow, R.C.: Edgewise Orthodontics 3rd ed, St. Louis, 1972, The C.V. Mosby Company, pp.38-63.

[2] Goldberg, A.J., Vanderby, R., Jr., and Burstone, C.J.: Reduction in modulus of elasticity in orthodontic wires, J. Dent. Res. 56: 1227-1231, (1977).

DOI: 10.1177/00220345770560102101

[3] Brantley, W.A., Augat, W.S., Myers, C.L., and Winders R.V.: Bending deformation studies of orthodontic wires, J. Dent. Res. 57: 609-615, 1978. ).

DOI: 10.1177/00220345780570041301

[4] Proffit WR, Field HE. Contemporary Orthodontics, Fourth edition. St. Louis: Mosby, (2007).

[5] Nikolai RJ. Orthodontic Wire: A Continuing Evolution. Seminars in Orthodontics 1997; 3(3): 157-165.

DOI: 10.1016/s1073-8746(97)80066-7

[6] O'Brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection, Third edition. Quintessence Publishing, (2002).

[7] Anusavice KJ. Phillips' science of dental materials, Eleventh edition. Saunders, (2003).

[8] International standard. Dentistry-Wires for use in orthodontics. ISO: 2006(E) Frist edition 2006-10-01.

[9] Siriwat Chamnunphol, Influence of reduction ratio of cross sectional area in drawing stainless steel wire for orthodontic use, (2008).

[10] Kusy RP, Stush AM. Geometric and material parameter of a nickel-titanium and a beta titanium orthodontic archwire alloy. Dent Mater 1987; 3: 207-217.

DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(87)80035-0

[11] Meling TR odegaard J. On the variability of cross-sectional dimensions and torsional properties of rectangular nickel-titanium arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998; 113: 546-557.

DOI: 10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70266-5

[12] Siatkowski RE. Loss of anterior torque control due to variations in bracket slot and archwire dimensions. J Clin Orthod 1999; 33: 508-510.

[13] Anuwongnukroh N et al. Comparison of properties between general purpose stainless steel wire and commercial orthodontic stainless steel wire. Advanced Materials Research 2011; 378-379: 706-10.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.706

[14] Sripetchwandee N. Design of orthodontic wire heat treatment apparatus. Thesis of Mahidol University, (2003).

[15] Asgharnia MK, Brantley WA. Comparison of bending and tension tests for orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod 1986; 89: 228-236.

DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(86)90037-0

[16] Juvvadi SR, Kailasam V, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan AB. Physical, mechanical, and flexural properties of 3 orthodontic wires: An in-vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989; 2: 623-630.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.01.032

[17] Verstrynge A, Humbeeck JV, Willems G. In-vitro evaluation of th material characteristics of stainless steel and beta-titanium orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130(4): 460-470.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.12.030