Advanced Materials Research Vol. 918

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to develop and experimentally test portable vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters which are fit for extracting low frequency kinetic energy. Based on a previous study on fixed vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters, three kinds of portable energy harvesters (prototype I, prototype II, and prototype III) are developed and tested. To obtain the related parameters of the energy harvesters, an experimental platform used to measure the vibrational systems electrical power at the resonant frequency and other fixed frequencies is also established. Based on the research work of vibration theory, a low frequency vibration-arm mechanism (prototype III) which is easily in resonance with a walking tempo is developed. Here, a strong magnet fixed to one side of the vibration-arm along with a set of wires placed along the vibrating path will generate electricity. The circular device has a radius of 180 mm, a width of 50 mm, and weighs 200 grams. Because of its light mass, it is easy to carry and put into a backpack. Experimental results reveal that the energy harvester (prototype III) can easily transform kinetic energy into electrical power via the vibration-based electromagnetic system when walking at a normal speed. Consequently, electrical energy reaching 0.25 W is generated from the energy harvester (prototype III) by extracting kinetic energy produced by walking.

Abstract: In this paper, using the method of literature and expert interview, the cultivation mode of Chinese professional golfer were analyzed and the basic idea of perfecting the training mode of our country professional golfer were put forward to. We should adhere to the combination of scientific research and training together, and gradually form a full range of science content selection and training system, such as the physiological, psychological, covers the physical brain function, sports nutrition, sports rehabilitation, also we should strengthen and improve the level of coaches by introducing international authoritative coaches training system and the establishment of a more perfect examination system.

Abstract: Electric vehicles have been gaining increasing worldwide attention as a promising potential long-term solution to sustainable personal mobility in recent years; in particular, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offering zero tailpipe emissions are favored by a significant number of people in China. However, their true ability of contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions is invisible. This paper assessed their environmental impacts from the perspective of life cycle. Life cycle assessment is used as the analyzing method and eBlance is applied as a tool to identify the impacts quantitatively.

Abstract: Power system protection is one important work which relate to security and stability of the power system. Power system relay protection is a very important part of power system and it relates to the power system security and stability. The time for fault reaction of power system protection determines the reliability of system protection and sensitivity. This paper mainly for the malfunctions of power system, we used the techniques of big data to reduce the size of the power network. We used the distributed computation and parallel computing to calculate fault calculation, topology analysis and setting calculation, which can shorten the operation time of protection equipment. At the same time, it also can improve the quality of the power and it can reduce the time harming the equipment and ensure the stable operation of the system.

Abstract: In this paper a new technology for a compact iron ore sintering machine is analyzed. The compact sintering process is based on the massive injection of gaseous fuels and the solid fuel is only agglomerated fine charcoal obtained by biomass. The solid fuel used in this study is obtained by agglomeration of fine charcoal produced from elephant glass which has very short period for production and CO₂ capture (less than 6 months in tropical climate). To overcome the lower heat supply into the combustion front of the sintering process the simultaneous injection of oxygen and gaseous fuel is proposed. The proposed methodology is to combine the solid fuel (agglomerated fines charcoal) and steelworks gases in a compact machine to enhance heat and mass transfer with high productivity (about 5 times the conventional large machine). A multiphase mathematical model based on transport equations of momentum, energy and chemical species coupled with chemical reaction rates and phase transformations is used to analyze the inner process parameters. A base case representing a possible actual industrial operation of the sintering machine is used in order to compare different scenarios of practicable operations which represents advanced operations techniques. The model was used to predict six cases of combined operation with biomass and fuel gas utilization: a) Scenario 01 and 02: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of rich mixture of natural gas (NG) +Air +O₂, b) Scenario 03 and 04: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of rich mixture of coke oven gas (COG)+Air + O₂, c) Scenario 05 and 06: Wind boxes inflow from N01-N10 of mixture of COG+BFG+Air+O₂. The model predictions indicated that for all cases, the sintering zone is enlarged and the solid fuel consumption is decreased. In order to maximize the steelworks gas utilization it is recommended the use of mixture of COG and BFG with optimum inner temperature distribution within a compact sintering machine (in this study was the scenario 05), which enhance the productivity keeping good inner temperature distribution which promotes formation of calcium ferrites of structural shape which confers adequate metallurgical properties for blast furnace sinter. This technology is also expected to decrease considerably the specific CO₂ emissions, as demonstrated by scenarios simulated. It worthy to mention that, although the solid fuel considered in this work is produced from biomass the gas utilization is attractive due to decrease of the CO₂ emissions and the gas mixtures can easily be obtained by using inner steelworks gas.

Abstract: The Present study showed that water hyacinth could be used as a suitable alternative cheaper carbohydrate source for bioethanol production. Crude cellulase and β-glucosidase were produced by using fungi Trichoderma atroviride AD-130. Highest yield of reducing sugars (451.13 g/L) was obtained from acid pretreated water hyacinth supplemented with 0.1% PEG-6000. The highest ethanol concentration (16.43 g/L) from enzymatic hydrolysate of substrate was achieved with a corresponding ethanol yield of 0.28 g/g sugar.

Abstract: Measures for solving accident of water distribution system are main factors on urban pipe network developing. This research is done by mathematical modeling and optimization based on EPANET. The potential scheme have been proposed at the very beginning of the accident; then, the best result is chosen by calculating. The method is tested by solving a hypothetical case. The result shows the superiority of the optimization method in view of economic and reliability point, convergence and calculation efficiency in the calculation.

Abstract: According to the internal mechanism of the formation of heat load, the formation of heat load consists of two parts, the systemic heat load, which is determined by the building envelope and outdoor environmental parameters and random load caused by the users randomness of events and solar radiation etc. Toward systemic heat load, this paper considered the influence of environmental parameters before the prediction time and used the method of stepwise trials and MSE to obtain the optimal solution. Toward random load, it is considered that the day of the same type have the same variation pattern. On this basis, this paper introduced a correction coefficient to obtain random load eventually. This paper selected DeST, the widely used energy simulation software in China, to analysis the case. The result shows that the prediction method is feasible and 50% of the predicted loads have the relative error of less than 5%.

Abstract: Thyristor controlled reactor was important reactive compensator which is widely used in power system, while it also a harmonic source which is necessary to be researched, especially the harmonic characteristics and harmonic amplitude changing trend, which is important to model, simulate and improve the equipment design. The paper analysed the admittance elements comparatively amplitude trend of thyristor controlled reactor.The research result will help to compensate or reduce the harmonics generated by thyristor controlled reactor, which also will be helpful to model and simulate other thyristor controlled reactive power equipments.

Abstract: A Micro-Grid (MG) is an energy community having various Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as diesel engines, micro turbines, solar power, wind power, fuel cells and energy storage devices. The multi-agent architecture offers a hierarchical structure is very suitable for managing multi-individual and heterogeneous DERs in the MG environment. This paper proposes a Agent-based Demand and Supply Control Framework (AD-SCF) which merges with the existing MG Energy Management System (EMS). Moreover, the AD-SCF adopts the embedding of sensors that can provide environmental and DERs information to EMS. It enhances the exchanges information EMS with the other key elements to determine the best optimal controls on power flow, load dispatch and scheduling in MG.