Advanced Materials Research Vols. 962-965

Abstract: Research confirmed 23.5% of the energy derived from wood (wood energy) in the U.S. reading indicates proven in interval of 30 decades up to 2009 and affirmed residential wood energy consumption has declined by an average 3% per year in response to technological progress, urbanization, accessibility of non-wood energy, and other factors associated with a time trend such as increasing income per capita and number of houses. But the rising price of non-wood energy has had a positive effect on the consumption and offset the downward trend effect in the last decade.

Abstract: With the introduction of four poplar varieties as the research object, in the growth period, the density of 30cm × 40cm biomass of seedlings were studied. The biomass of different organs of different varieties at seedling stage in different periods of change process, to explore the various organs of poplar seedlings seasonal growth model and biomass accumulation, using multivariate statistical analysis method, the various organs biomass model was established on various poplar species, it can play a guiding role on nursery stock production.

Abstract: The rubber borers, called of the bark beetles, is the most important pest of the rubber trees in the world. The effect of the pheromone releasing measure, a kind of ecological control method, was investigated over 2 years in Nanbao Farm, Lingao county, Hainan, China. The pheromone used was (s)-(+)-Ipsidenol, a commercially available rubber borers aggregation pheromone. There were 6 treatments, including 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m and 100m distance. Pheromone lures were changed monthly at which time the traps were moved to a different location within the stand. There were no significant differences in 30m distance catches of the rubber borers per traps. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in plant damage between the pheromone treatment of 2.5 mg/mL and 3 mg/mL traps. The results also showed that the relationship between the mean number of the rubber borers per 5 days and average temperature was not significant.

Abstract: Populus euphratica Olive. as the skeleton of the desert riparian forest is a green barrier for protection oasis of the southern areas of Xinjiang. Degradation of P. euphratica forest is the concentrated expression of ecological vulnerability in the desert areas. In order to understand the residents cognition degree to the ecological value of P. euphratica forest and willingness to pay (WTP) for P. euphratica forest protection along the Tarim River Basin, The questionnaires and interview methods were used , the largest payment were estimated with contingent valuation method (CVM) and the main affecting factors were explored.The main conclusions showed that the residents income, education and cognition degree to the P. euphratica forest were significant impact on the maximum payment value; Different ecological environment, economic and social conditions along the Trim River Basin had a critical influence to payment options and the size of payment willingness for the residents; The maximum willingness to pay per capita of 53 groups, 13 groups, 34 groups amounted to 220.89 yuan / year, 499.08 yuan / year, 653.20 yuan / year, the per capita amount paid in descending order was 34 group > 13 group> 53 group.

Abstract: The integral diffusion models were established using standardized ecological benefit dependent variable, regional independent variables and stand independent variables. Three important parameters including effective area coefficient, market approximation coefficient and conversion factors (According to the law of substitute goods, State Statistical Yearbook gets a reasonable price of the substitute goods and converts physical forest ecological benefit volume to money factors.). Then forest ecological benefits including water reservation, soil fixation, fertility reservation, C0₂ absorption, atmosphere purify, microclimate improvement, wind sand suppression, flood and draught mitigation, forest recreation, animal protection, plant protection and noise elimination n State-owned Forest Region in Heilongjiang Province were calculated. The total ecological benefit in study area was 17.91 billions RMB ¥.

Abstract: Coke on Zn/Hβ catalyst in ethanol to propylene was studied in continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The physicochemical properties of these fresh and used catalysts were characterized by NH₃-TPD, N₂ isothermal adsorption-desorption and TPO. These results showed that the medium and strong acid sites might be responsible for the production of coke and coke mainly deposited on external surface and microporous mouth. In addition, the coke might be consisted of soft coke and hard coke.

Abstract: Superfine HZSM-5 zeolites were synthesized by different methods, and their catalytic performance for the coupling conversion of methanol and 1-butylene to propylene was investigated. In addition, these catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, N₂ isothermal adsorption-desorption, and NH₃-TPD. Z5-A catalyst showed the highest reactivity among these catalysts and could keep good stability, due to its superfine particle size, large surface area and proper acidity.

Abstract: In Liaohe oilfield Xing 28 block before and during the alkali/polymer binary compound flooding process, there are heterogeneity contradictions on vertical and plane formation. In order to solve this contradiction, improve the utilization rate of oil displacement agent, J - F profile control agent was developed successfully, the profile control agent is not restricted by formation pH value and gel time, of good resistance to flushing, temperature tolerance and salt resistance. Through the field test, using J-F profile control agent the injection profile changed significantly and the injection pressure increased, a remarkable economic benefits and social benefits are gained.

Abstract: Crystallization kinetics experiment of calcium sulfate dehydrates, which is prepared by bittern under 30oC and different stirring speed conditions, is carried out. According to the results of the experimental data, the relationship of nucleus particle-number density n⁰ and crystal growth rate G with the residence time, temperature and the stirring speed is summarized. Also, the crystallization kinetics formula under 30oC and different stirring speed is given.

Abstract: This project carries out the research on influence factors of wells producing hydrogen sulfide in connection with the actual situation of producing hydrogen sulfide in Qi-40 steam drive process. Experimental studies have shown that: A. temperature is the main external factors of produce hydrogen sulfide, It will produce hydrogen sulfide when temperature is above 100°C, hydrogen sulfide content increase about 300ppm in average when the temperature increase per 20°C; hydrogen sulfide content will be in the greatest increase when temperature at the range of 160°C~180°C; the rate of increase in the levels of hydrogen sulfide will significantly reduce when temperature above 180 °C.B. Adding Chemical agent with surface activity can inhibit the release of hydrogen sulfide. C. Adding acid chemical agent will make the content of hydrogen sulfide increase. The experimental study also investigated hydrogen sulfide prevention measures.