Preparation, Characterization and Engine Performance Characteristics of Used Cooking Sunflower Oil Based Bio-Fuels for a Diesel Engine

Abstract:

This paper deals on bio-fuel, consisting of used sunflower oil and transesterified - used sunflower oil blended with diesel. They are prepared and tested as a fuel in a direct injection (DI) single cylinder four stroke diesel engine. The main fuel properties of these fuels are measured, the engine performance characteristics are investigated and compared with that of diesel fuel. Fuels are separately prepared, blended and tested for determining the characteristics and combustion in a single cylinder diesel engine. The main fuel properties such as the specific gravity, density, flash and fire points of the blended fuels are measured. The engine performance is investigated and compared with that of diesel fuel. The experimental results showed that the specific gravity of the hybrid bio-fuels is decreased and close to that of diesel fuel. The experimental results also showed that the engine efficiency is closer to the values obtained from the diesel fuel. It is found that among the various blends, transesterifed used sunflower oil with diesel, gives better efficiency. In addition it is found that, the blend of diesel with used sunflower oil gives the lowest fuel consumption as compared to that of other blended fuels. Nomenclatures w₁ - weight of specific gravity bottle (g) w₂ - weight of specific gravity bottle + water (g) w₃ - weight of specific gravity bottle + sample (g)

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 984-985)
• Pages: 913-923
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.984-985.913
• Online since: July 2014
• Authors: Sankar Karthikumar*, V. Ragavanandham, S. Kanagaraj, R. Manikumar, A. Asha, Anant Achary
• Keywords: Blending, Efficiency, Esterification, Hybrid Fuels, Sunflower Oil

References

[1] S.Y. Liao, D.M. Jiang, Z.H.Q. Cheng, Q. Huang, Investigation of the cold-start combustion characteristics of ethanol–gasoline blends in a constant-volume chamber, J. Energy Fuels. 19 (3) (2005) 813–819.

DOI: 10.1021/ef049733l

[2] M.A.R.S. Al-Baghdadi, Improvement of performance and reduction of pollutant emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition engine fuelled with a mixture of hydrogen and methane as a supplementary fuel to alcohol, in: Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings, Part D: Transport Engineering. 218 (2004).

DOI: 10.1243/095440704774061192

[3] Y.H. Huang, J.H. Wu, Analysis of biodiesel promotion in Taiwan, J. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 12 (2008) 1176–86.

[4] V.V.V. Kishore, Renewable energy engineering and technology principles and practice, TERI, New Delhi, (2008).

[5] N.R. Banapurmath, P.G. Tewari, V.S. Yaliwal, Kambalimath Satish, Y.H. Basavarajappa, Combustion characteristics of a 4-stroke CI engine operated on Honge oil, Neem and Rice bran oils when directly injected and dual fuelled with producer gas induction, J. Renew. Energ. 34 (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.12.031

[6] C. Carraretto, A. Macor, A. Mirandola, A. Stoppato, S. Tonon, Biodiesel as alternative fuel: Experimental analysis and energetic evaluations, J. Energy. 29 (2004) 2195–211.

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2004.03.042

[7] K. Pramanik, Properties and use of Jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine, J. Renew. Energ. 28 (2003) 239–48.

DOI: 10.1016/s0960-1481(02)00027-7

[8] M.A. Senthil Kumar, A. Ramesh, B. Nagalingam, An experimental comparison of methods to use methanol and Jatropha oil in compression ignition engine, J. Biomass Bioenerg. 25 (20003) 309–18.

DOI: 10.1016/s0961-9534(03)00018-7

[9] F.K. Forson, E.K. Oduro, E. Hammond-Donkoh, Performance of jatropha oil blends in a diesel engine, J. Renew. Energ. 29 (2004) 1135–45.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2003.11.002

[10] A.S. Ramdhas, S. Jeyaraj, C. Muraleedharan, Use of vegetable oils as IC engines fuels – a review, J. Renew. Energ. 29 (2004) 727–42.

[11] U.F. Rashid, F. Anwar, B.R. Moser, S. Ashraf, Production of sunflower oil methyl esters by optimized alkali-catalyzed methanolysis, J. Biomass Bioenerg. 32 (12) (2008) 1202–5.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.03.001

[12] M.H. Thomsen, I. Janajreh, R. Hashaikeh, Survey and quality assessment of waste frying oil produced in Abu Dhabi city with the aim to make a local biodiesel production. In: International conference on alternative and renewable sources of energy , Beirut – Lebanon, (2010).

[13] US Department of Energy. Energy efficiency and renewable energy, Biodiesel handeling and use guidelines, third ed., DOE/GO-102006-2358 (2006).

[14] M.S. Gumus, S. Kasifoglu, Performance and emission evaluation of a compression ignition engine using a biodiesel (apricot seed kernel oil methyl ester) and its blends with diesel fuel, J. Biomass Bioenerg. 34 (2010) 134–9.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.10.010

[15] B. Prem Anand, C.G. Saravanan, C. Ananda Srinivasan, Performance and exhaust emission of turpentine oil powered direct injection diesel engine, J. Renew. Energ. 35 (2010) 1179–84.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.09.010

[16] S. Saravanan, G. Nagarajan, G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao, S. Sampath, Combustion Characteristics of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with a blend of crude rice bran oil methyl ester and diesel, J. Energy. 35 (2010) 94–100.

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.08.029

[17] Ismet Celikten, Atilla Koca, Mehmet Ali Arslan, Comparison of performance and emissions of diesel fuel, rapeseed and soybean oil methyl esters injected at different pressures, J. Renew. Energ. 35 (2010) 814–20.

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.08.032

[18] S. Jindal, B.P. Nandwana, N.S. Rathore, V. Vashistha, Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha methyl ester, J. Appl. Therm. Eng. 30 (2010) 442–8.

DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.10.004

[19] Shamsher Singh Kanwar, Rajeev Kumar Kaushal, Arshad Jawed, Reena Gupta, Swapandeep Singh Chimni, Methods for inhibition of residual lipase activity in colorimetric assay: A comparative study, Indian J. Biochem. Biophys. 45 (2005) 233-237.

[20] F. Heizir, de Castro, Pedro C. de Oliveira, M.F. Cleide, Soares, Gisella M. Zanin, Immobilization of Porcine Pancreatic Lipase on Celite for Application in the Synthesis of Butyl Butyrate in a Nonaqueous System, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 76(1) (1999).

DOI: 10.1007/s11746-999-0062-y

[21] Jinyong Yan, Yunjun Yan, Sanxiong Liu, Jiang Hu, Guilong Wang, Preparation of cross-linked lipase-coated micro-crystals for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil, J. Bioresour. Technol. 102 (2011) 4755–4758.

DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.006

[22] Veera Gnaneswar Gude, Georgene Elizabeth Grant, Biodiesel from waste cooking oils via direct sonication, J. Appl. Energy. 109 (2013) 135–144.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.002

[23] R. Sharma, S.K. Soni, R.M. Vohra, L.K. Gupta, J.K. Gupta, Purification and characterization of a thermostable alkaline lipase from a new thermophilic Bacillus sp. RSJ-1, J. Process. Biochem. 37 (2002) 1075-1084.

DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00316-8