Effects of Water Cement Ratio on Strengths Characteristics of Concrete Produced with Recycled Iron and Steel Slag (RISS) Aggregate

Abstract:

Effects of Water cement ratios on strengths characteristics of concrete produced with Recycled Iron and Steel Slag (RISS) aggregates was studied to understand the structural integrity of RISS aggregate in concrete and to determine the veracity of RISS aggregate as alternative aggregate to granite in concrete works. Mineralogical composition of the aggregate showed Silicon oxide (quartz) as the common mineral; both aggregates are well graded, strong and durable. Lower water cement ratios improved both the compressive and flexural strengths of RISS and granite concrete.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 107)
• Pages: 97-112
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.107.97
• Online since: June 2021
• Authors: Akeem Ayinde Raheem, Oluwaleke A. Olowu*, Anthony Akinola Hungbo, Emmanuel Olatunde Ibiwoye
• Keywords: Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Granite Aggregate, Mineralogical Composition, Quartz, Recycled Iron Slag, Steel Slag

References

[1] H. El-Hassan, P. Kianmehr and S. Zouaoui, Properties of pervious concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregates and slag, Construction and Building Materials 212 (2019) 164 – 175.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.325

[2] X. Jianhe, G. Yongchang, J. Zhao, and K. Zuo, Utilization of unprocessed steel slag as fine aggregate in normal- and high-strength concrete, Construction and Building Materials 204 (2019) 41 – 49.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.178

[3] W. Qiang, Y. Peiyu, Y. Jianwei and B. Zhang, Influence of steel slag on mechanical properties and durability of concrete, Construction and Building Materials 47 (2013) 1414 – 1420.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.044

[4] A. S. Alnuaimi, Effects of Copper Slag as a replacement for fine aggregate on the behaviour and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete slender column, TJER, 9, (2012) (2): 90 – 102.

DOI: 10.24200/tjer.vol9iss2pp90-102

[5] R. K. Dhir, M. J. McCarthy and P. A. J. Tittle, Use of Conditioned PFA as a fine aggregate component in concrete,, Materials and Structures, 33 (2000) (1): 38 – 42.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02481694

[6] G. J. Kulkarni, A. K. Dwivedi and S.S. Jahgirder, "Textile mill as fine aggregate in concrete, Global Journal of Researches in Engineering, 12 (2012) (1) (2): 20 – 25.

[7] British Standard Institution European Norm (2002). Specification for Air-cooled Blast Furnace Slag, BSEN 12620, British Standard Institution.

[8] P. S. Pajgade and N. B. Thakur, Utilization of Waste Product of Steel Industry, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA). 3,(2013) (1): 2933-2041.

[9] I. G. Sezer and M. Gulderen, Usage of Steel Slag in Concrete as Fine and / .or Coarse Aggregate, Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences. (2015) (22): 339-344.

[10] British Standard Institution European Norm (2004).Natural lightweight aggregate for concrete, mortar and grout, BS EN 13055-2, British Standard Institution, London.

[11] NIS 444 (2003). Portland Limestone Cement. Standard of Quality for Ordinary Portland Cement, Nigerian Institution of Standard, Nigeria.

[12] British Standard Institution (1983), Method for determination of Compressive Strength, BS 1881: Part 116, British Standard Institution, London.

[13] T. Hideo, Introduction to X- ray Analysis Using Diffraction Method, Rigaku Journal. (2016) 32 (2): 35 – 43.

[14] British Standard Institution European Norm (1998), Methods for determination of aggregate impact value (AIV), BS EN 1097-2, British Standard Institution, London.

[15] British Standard Institution (1983). Method for determination of Compressive Strength, BS 1881: Part 116, British Standard Institution, London.

[16] British Standard Institution (1983).Specification of Compressive Strength Machine, BS 1881: Part 115, British Standard Institution, London.

[17] British Standard Institution (1983b). Method for determination of Flexural Strength, Part 118, British Standard Institution, London.

[18] British Standard Institution (1983). Specification for Flexural Strength test Machine, BS 1881: Part 188, British Standard Institution, London.

[19] Nippon Slag Association (2015). Types and Source of Iron and Steel Slag, Retrieved on 6th July, 2016 at www.slg.jple/association/index.html.

[20] S. M. Micheal, and P. Z. John, (2006), Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers, Pearson Education Inc. (2nd Ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

[21] British Standard Institution European Norm (1990). Methods for determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV), BS 812 Part 110, British Standard Institution, London.

[22] British Standard Institution European Norm (2000), Specification for determine aggregate crushing value, BS EN 1097-6 (2000), British Standard Institution, London.

[23] S. S. Omopariola, and A. A. Jimoh, A Comparative Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coarse aggregates Produced in Ogun State. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH). (2018) 37 (1): 67-70.

DOI: 10.4314/njt.v37i1.9

[24] A. A. S. Mohammed and R. K. Pandey, Effect of Cement – Water Ratio on Compressive Strength and Density of Concrete, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) 4 (2015) (02): 315 – 317.

[25] O. A. Olowu, A. O. Akerele, A. N. Akinsanya, andA. Y. Akinsanya, A Study into the Use of Recycle Iron and Steel Slag as an Alternative Aggregate in Concrete Production, International Institute For Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). 9, (2017) (2): 22-31.

[26] L. Ranjith Kumar, M. Karthikeyan and R. Raghu, Influence of Water – Cement Ratio on Compressive Strength of Burnt Bricks. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering. 14 (2017) (2): 91 – 94.

DOI: 10.9790/1684-1402029194

[27] V. Mallikarjuma Reddy, M. V. Seshagiri Rao, P. Srilakshmi and K. Sateesh, Effect of W/C Ratio on Workability and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete (M70 Grade), International Journal of Engineering Research and Development. 7 (2013) (1): 06 -13.

DOI: 10.9790/1684-11561521

[28] H. Eskandari-Naddaf, and R. Kazemi, Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Mix Design Ratios on Compressive Strength of Cement Mortars Containing Cement Strength Class 42.5 and 52.5 MPa, Procedia Manufacturing. 22 (2018) (1): 392-398.

DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.060

[29] X. Yu, Z. Tao, T. Y. Song, and Z. Pan, Performance of Concrete made with Steel Slag and Waste Glass, Construction and Building Materials. 114 (2016) (1):737-746,.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.217

[30] S. A. Nyiutsa, J. S. Aondowase, P. A. Ameh, C. E. Josephat and T. A. Paul, Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Gravel-crushed over burnt Bricks Concrete, International Institute for Science, Technology & Education (IISTE), 3 (2013) (4): 74 - 81.

[31] A. Omotola and O. I. Idowu, Effect of Water-Cement Ratios on the Compressive Strength and Workability of Concrete and Lateritic Concrete Mixes, Pacific Journal of Science and Technology (PJST), 12 (2011) (2): 99-105.

[32] A. Shamsai, T. Rahmani and L. Rahemi, Effect of Water-cement Ratio on Compressive and Abrasion Strength of the Nano Silica Concrete, World Applied Science Journal. 17 (2012) (4): 540 – 545.

[33] A. Isaac, Effect of using 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 water cement ratio separately with Nigerian Grade 42.5 R Portland cement, International Journal of Science, Technology and Society. 4 (2016) (6): 80-88,.

[34] Ukpata and Ephraim, Flexural and tensile strength properties of Concrete using Lateritic sand and quarry dust as fine aggregate, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 7 (2012) (3): 311 – 324.

DOI: 10.1201/b13165-68

[35] AASHTO M 85 (2020), Standard Specification for Portland Cement, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, USA.

[36] M. Oad, A. H. Buller, B. A. Memon, N. A. Memom, Z. A. Tunio, and M. A. Memon, Effect of Water-cement Ratio on Flexural Strength of R.C Beams Made with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with Coarse Aggregate from Old Concrete, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 9 (2019) (1): 3826-3831.

DOI: 10.48084/etasr.2499

[37] P. Kathirvel, and S. R. M. Kaliyaperumal, Influence of Recycled Concrete Aggregate on the flexural Properties of Reinforced Alkali Activated Slag Concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 102 (2016) (1): 51 – 58.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.148

[38] M. S. Shetty, (2006). Properties of Concrete, Multicolour Revised Edition, S. Chad & Company Ltd. New Delhi, India.

[39] L. Tung-Chai, M. N. Hasanan, and M. Rachmat, The Effects of water-cement ratios on concrete paving block, Regional Past-graduate Conference on engineering & science (RPCES 2006), Johore. 26th – 27th July.

[40] M. Georgescu, and N. Saca, (2009), Properties of Blended Cements with Limestone Filler and Fly Ash Content, U. P. B. Science Bull., Series B, 71 (3).

[41] A. Manhart, O. Osibanjo, A. Aderinto, and S. Prakash, (2011). Informal e-Waste Management in Lagos, Nigeria. Socio-economic impacts and feasibility of inter-national recycling co-operation. Final report of component 3 of Oko-Institute V, Freiburg, Germany.

[42] O. O. Olubajo, A. O. Osha, U. A. El-Nafaty, and H. A. Adamu, Effect of Water-cement Ratio on the Mechanical Properties of blended Cement Containing Bottom Ash and Limestone, International Institute For Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). 6 (2014) (12): 1-10.

[43] D. O. Onwuka, C. T. G. Awodiji, and S. U. Onwuka, Investigation of The Effect of Water-cement Ratio on the Modulus of Rupture of Concrete, International Journal of Engineering And Computer Science, 4 (2015) (7): 13298 – 13305.