Advances in Science and Technology Vol. 140

Abstract: The National Football League (NFL) is the most successful professional league in the United States. It is also a popular sport around the world. However, for the NFL the strongest problem it has faced is the high rate of concussions, because between seasons and during practices frontal collisions in the head are very recurrent, this concern has led to improve and modify issues in the design of helmets to protect the integrity of the player, Developed by the companies responsible for the manufacture of protective equipment, although in recent decades technological evolution has been an auxiliary tool for the improvement of equipment in this sport discipline there is still a gap to guarantee the total safety of the player. According to the literature, the changes that the helmet structure has undergone are observed and have the perspective, but with regard to the materials that integrate the same materials are still preserved. Therefore, for this research work, the interest arises in developing a numerical analysis that considers new materials, since from 1939 to 2018 the shell material has not been innovated. For this reason, the Speed Flex football helmet that the company Riddell brought to market in 2018 is designed, respecting the helmet structure, where the comparison of the material that is currently used against a composite material, such as carbon fiber, is made, to visualize the results for displacements, Stresses, and total strain during a frontal impact.

Abstract: Water energy can be utilized as a power plant. A water turbine is a machine that uses water to rotate blades and a turbine generator to produce electricity. This research was carried out using a microhydro type water turbine experimental rig using gravitational of water with 2 meter high. The measurements were taken from the turbine such as turbine rotation speed, water flow rate, torque, and voltage from the generator that coupled with the turbine, which had the variable number of blades. The research method used is the experimental method, direct observation, design and testing of the turbines. At the design stage the turbine is designed based on three variables, namely the turbine blades with 10, 12, and 14 blades. It was found that the performance of the turbine is up to 34% of energy efficiency.

Abstract: The increase in the use of electricity in Indonesia is also due to the industrial sectors which have enlarged their area and the use of electricity to develop their business. Indonesia is a developing country which is still in the stage of development and development so that it can become a developed country. This research is main to develop rainwater based power plant turbine and anaysis the stress analysis and test the rig. Simulation of stress analysis in the design of a water turbine, there is 1 force that is applied, namely the force in the area where the gallon water container with a volume of 15 liters is placed. The force exerted is 147.1 N which is obtained from calculating the mass of a gallon filled with 15-liters of water multiplied by the acting gravitational force. The results of the stress analysis simulation show a visualization image consisting of von mises stress, displacement, and the safety factor displays blue for all parts of the water turbine frame design which states that the amount of force exerted is still relatively safe. Water discharge is taken using a digital water sensor that can detect the water flow rate accurately. Water power of this system is 1.14 Watt. The water pressure generated by the fluid mechanical energy working in the water turbine is directly proportional to the resulting blade of turbine rotation. The voltage comparison resulting from the number of blade design states that the most optimal design is in the number of 8 blades, which has the greatest voltage value of 910.1 V at the 181 rpm. Hence, the number of 8 blades is the most effective turbine design for rotating the generator.

Abstract: Many engineering applications include the heat exchange process between two fluids with distinct temperature gradients separated by solid walls. The machinery used in this operation is known as a heat exchanger. The interaction between exhaust gas and water was modeled in this study using a variety of heat exchanger types. The boundary conditions parameters of the input exhaust gas for the simulation model were established based on the test diesel engine. When the engine is operating at 1200 rpm and 100% load, modeling results show that the heat recovery efficiency of the exhaust gas reaches the maximum value of 65% thanks to the 9-compartment structure and one heat sink in each compartment.

Abstract: The development of arthropod-inspired robotic architecture, modeled after the limbs of insects and other animals, has enabled robots to behave more flexibly and adaptively in different environments. Among these designs, hexapod robots have gained significant attention due to their potential use in disaster rescue scenarios, providing vital support for lifesaving and damage control in emergency situations. This study addresses the numerical analysis of a hexapod robot specifically tailored for use in disaster areas, with a particular focus on the crucial aspect of material optimization. Hexapod robots, equipped with articulated legs that mimic insect-like movements, have shown remarkable success in exploration tasks, especially in navigating hard-to-reach places. The main body of the robot was designed using durable yet lightweight materials to optimize load-bearing capacity for the required equipment and rescue tools. A thorough static numerical analysis was performed to ensure the structural integrity and efficiency of the robot. Finite element simulation programs were used for the static numerical analysis, allowing evaluation of the stresses and deformations to which the robot would be subjected under various loading conditions. The selection of materials played a critical role in improving the robot's performance and survivability during disaster operations. Various materials, including composites and advanced alloys, were tested, and analyzed for their mechanical properties and suitability for harsh conditions. In particular, the resistance of the robot to the impact of a falling cubic reinforced concrete element was investigated by simulating a stone collapse. The results of this study shed light on the influence of materials on the robot's ability to cope with unpredictable and challenging scenarios, ultimately contributing to the development of more robust and reliable Hexapod robots for disaster operations. The results of this research contribute significantly to ongoing advances in robotics technology for disaster operations. By leveraging the unique characteristics of arthropod-inspired Hexapod robots and optimizing their material composition, this study highlights the potential of these mobile devices to revolutionize rescue operations in challenging and hazardous environments, ultimately saving lives and minimizing the impact of disasters.

Abstract: The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the mechanical properties of limestone blocks extracted from mines in the Republic of Moldova and used in a new masonry technology. The initial shear strength is examined based on laboratory work carried out on 5 samples from each of the 3 mines in different areas of Moldova. The strength calculation of the proposed masonry technology is carried out based on the standards for load-bearing walls and corresponds to the requirements. The results showed that Moldovan limestone blocks have high mechanical properties. The proposed masonry technology is based on the use of local materials and to increase the strength, instead of steel mesh, fibreglass mesh and epoxy resin will be used, which can be implemented in the Republic of Moldova. This research based on the use of local materials is significant for the development of the construction technology branch in Moldova.

Abstract: Industry 4.0 symbolizes various applications and technologies that have many possible positive effects within the industrial field. The complex production area contains longer product cycle times and multiple levels of subassemblies, and this reflects a higher need for raising production efficiency and optimizing the resources and time. Adopting developed Industry 4.0 technologies is considered a promising way for achieving this since they contribute directly to real-time data analysis, remote operation, and complete product life analysis next to further tools that allow more profound and inclusive analysis in the target complex production system. This article discusses the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies with in-plant complex production processes. A proposed system with an optimization purpose is designed and described that focuses on using multi-level integration processes effectively.