Effect of Treatment and Incineration Temperature on Extraction of Silica from Rice Husk for Cement Replacement in Concrete

Abstract:

Utilization of rice husk ash (RHA) as a pozzolanic material is a viable solution for reducing air pollution that is caused by open incineration of rice husk. Treatment of the rice husk with high-concentration acid and subsequently subjecting the treated rice husk to controlled incineration at high temperature can produce RHA that contains silica of a high purity, which can contribute to a high pozzolanic reactivity of concrete. However, the dependence of high-concentration acid and high incineration temperature will have an adverse effect on the environment. Therefore, in the present study, effect of treatment and incineration temperature on extraction of silica from RHA was investigated by conducting analytical and compressive strength tests on concrete samples. Raw and treated rice husks were incinerated for an hour at 400, 500 and 600°C to produce untreated and treated RHA, respectively. Hydrothermal synthesis was performed to execute gelation of silica from the RHA. The silica gel was converted into powder and then incorporated into concrete mixes for preparation of samples. The samples comprise the control sample, which does not contain any of the silica extracted from the RHA, and those that contain 5% silica from the untreated and treated RHA. Findings indicate that the treatment was necessary to produce concrete with adequate compressive strength relative to that of conventional concrete. Incorporation of 5% silica from treated RHA at the incineration temperature of 600°C resulted in the highest compressive strength of 6.44 MPa, which is an increase of 8.5% from that of the conventional concrete.

• Periodical: Construction Technologies and Architecture (Volume 10)
• Pages: 1-8
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-asl0mH
• Online since: October 2023
• Authors: Nur Izzah Azlan*, Syed Ahmad Farhan, Mohamed Mubarak Abdul Wahab, Nadzhratul Husna, Nur Aqila Mohd Hamka, Siti Nooriza Abd Razak
• Keywords: Agricultural Waste, Agro-Waste, Compressive Strength, Rice Husk Ash, Silica Gel

References

[1] C. Maraveas, Production of sustainable construction materials using agro-wastes, Materials 13 (2020) 262.

DOI: 10.3390/ma13020262

[2] M.K. Papademetriou, Rice production in the Asia-Pacific region: Issues and perspectives, F.J. Dent (Ed.), E.M. Herath (Ed.), FAO, Bangkok (Thailand), Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 2000.

[3] S. Zareei, F. Ameri, F. Dorostkar and M. Ahmadi, Rice husk ash as a partial replacement of cement in high strength concrete containing micro silica: Evaluating durability and mechanical properties, Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 7 (2017) 73–81.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cscm.2017.05.001

[4] B. Singh, 13 - Rice husk ash, Waste and Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete - Characterisation, Properties and Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering, 2018, p.417–460.

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102156-9.00013-4

[5] S.A. Farhan, M.F. Khamidi, M.H. Murni, M.F. Nuruddin, A. Idrus and A.M. Al Yacouby, Effect of Silica Fume and MIRHA on Thermal Conductivity of Cement Paste, High Performance Structures and Materials VI, WIT Press, 2012.

DOI: 10.2495/hpsm120291

[6] F.I. Ismail, S.A. Farhan, N. Shafiq, N. Husna, M.T. Sharif, S.U. Affan and A.K. Veerasenan, Nano-porous silica-aerogel-incorporated composite materials for thermal-energy-efficient pitched roof in the tropical region, Appl. Sci. 11 (2021) 6081.

DOI: 10.3390/app11136081

[7] M.F. Khamidi, C. Glover, S.A. Farhan, N. Husna, M.F. Nuruddin, Effect of silica aerogel on the thermal conductivity of cement paste for the construction of concrete buildings in sustainable cities, in: W.P. De Wilde, S. Hernández, C.A. Brebbia (Eds.), High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials, WIT Press, Southampton, UK, 2014, p.665–674.

DOI: 10.2495/hpsm140601

[8] N.H. Ahmad Puad, M.F. Khamidi, K.A. Mohd Azizli, S.A. Farhan, Review on reinforcement of aerogel for development of advanced nano insulation material for application in sustainable buildings, Appl. Mech. Mater. 699 (2015) 277–282.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.277

[9] N. Husna, S.A. Farhan, M.M. Abdul Wahab, N. Shafiq, M.T. Sharif, S.N. Abd Razak, F.I. Ismail, Effect of granular silica aerogel as filler on tensile and flexural strengths and moduli of stone-wool-fibre-reinforced composite as rigid board roof insulation material, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 945 (2021) 012061.

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012061

[10] N. Husna, S.A. Farhan, M.M. Abdul Wahab, N. Shafiq, M.T. Sharif, S.N. Abd Razak, F.I. Ismail, Building-Information-Modelling-based thermal-energy performance evaluation of silica-aerogel-incorporated rigid board roof insulation material for residential buildings in the tropical climate of Malaysia, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 945 (2021) 012066.

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/945/1/012066

[11] L. Minh and N. Tram, Utilization of rice husk ash as partial replacement with cement for production of concrete brick. MATEC Web Conf. 97 (2017) 01121.

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20179701121

[12] BS EN 12390-3: Testing Hardened Concrete. Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, British Standards Institution, London, UK, 2019.

[13] R.P. Jaya, M.A.A. Muhamad Nor, Z.A. Ahmad, Z.M. Amin, Properties of mortar containing rice husk ash at different temperature and exposed to aggressive environment, Adv. Mat. Res. 620 (2013) 87–93.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.620.87

[14] R.A. Bakar, R. Yahyaa, S.N. Gan, Production of high purity amorphous silica from rice husk, Procedia Chem. 19 (2016) 189–195.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.092

[15] A. Daulay, Andriayani, Marpongahtun and S. Gea, Extraction silica from rice husk with NaOH leaching agent with temperature variation burning rice husk, RASĀYAN J. Chem. 14 (2021) 2125–2128.

DOI: 10.31788/rjc.2021.1436351

[16] J.F. Fatriansyah, D. Dhaneswara, S.A. Khairunnisa, D. Kusumawardhani, The effect of adding synthesis silica from rice husk as cement substitution for high strength concrete, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 547 (2019) 012034.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/547/1/012034

[17] N.S. Mohd Zarib, S.A. Abdullah, N.H. Jamil, Extraction of silica from rice husk via acid leaching treatment, EpSBS (2019) 175–183.

DOI: 10.15405/epsbs.2019.05.02.16

[18] H. Liu, Q. Li, D. Su, G. Yue and L. Wang, Study on the influence of nanosilica sol on the hydration process of different kinds of cement and mortar properties, Materials 14 (2021) 3653.

DOI: 10.3390/ma14133653