Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 12

Abstract: In order to maintain long-term environmental quality, sustainable environmental practices are defined as a system that prevents the exhaustion or degradation of natural assets. By pursuing environmental sustainability, we might assure that the necessary criteria for the present the general populace is content without endangering the potential of upcoming generations to satisfy their private desires. Engineers working in the concrete industry are becoming more and more interested in sustainable development, which includes using locally accessible resources as well as industrial and agricultural left-over in the structure sector being among the probable remedies for the issues with the economy and the environment. After establishing the ideal replacement ratio, this study examined the impact of partial cement replacement with quartz residue (0, 10, 20, and 30%) by weight at several ages on (compressive strength). By means of steam curing for five hours at 90°C after the sample has already hardened, this ideal proportion is utilized to discover its impact on a few properties (like dry density, flexural, and compressive strength) of reactive powder concrete covering 1% recycled copper fibers (RCF). To acquire a compressive strength of 95 MPa next 28 days, reactive powder concrete (RPC) been produced using resident cement, superplasticizer, and silica fume through a W/C proportion of 0.2. The outcomes exhibited that using quartz powder replacing (20%) increased the RPC's compressive strength in 8.5%, flexural strength by means of 9%, dry density in 0.61% at 28 days following comparison of the test grades to the reference mixture.

Abstract: For sustainability in the construction field, finding a substitute for cement and recycling the waste in concrete is important. This paper shows the effect of sustainable copper fibres on some properties of perlite structural lightweight concrete containing sustainable materials. Research includes slump, density, compressive strength, flexural strength and thermal conductivity tests. The materials used to cast the specimen are ordinary Portland cement, local ash, metakaolin, combined coarse and fine perlite aggregate, and super-plasticizer. The concrete is reinforced with 1% copper fibres by volume of concrete. The results show that adding sustainable material to the concrete increased compressive strength by a percentage of 2.79% for 28 days and improved flexural and tensile strength by 40% and 8.36%, respectively, at 28 days. The density was within the limits of structural lightweight concrete, while the thermal conductivity was within the limits of insulation concrete, in addition to economic benefits and reducing world waste.

Abstract: Recently, civil engineering fields are seeking for the use of cost-effective, lightweight, durable, and environmentally friendly materials, giving less maintenance and providing long durability and resistance to hostile conditions. Therefore, there has been significant progress in the utilization of sophisticated composite materials as a reinforcement for various structural elements in the context of new construction buildings or rehabilitation.Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) are composite materials that have emerged as a potential method for enhancing the strength of concrete structures. FPR has been recommended for its many benefits, including thermal insulation properties, corrosion resistance ability, high tensile strength, fatigue resistance, and lightweight. Environmental deterioration increases the need for sustainable, durable, and mechanically sound reinforced concrete (RC) elements. Thus, geopolymer concrete (GPC) made from industrial byproducts like fly ash, slag, aluminum-rich materials, and the alkali activators (needed for alkaline solutions to activate the geopolymerization process) stands as a promising substitute for conventional Portland cement, owing to its engineering characteristics and sustainable nature (low CO2 emissions and industrial waste).In conclusion, Results discovred that the compressive strength of GPC can reach values of 70-100 MPa within 28 days. FRP-reinforced geopolymer concrete has a wide range of possible applications, however, there are still many barriers to commercializing FRP in the construction industry. Review indicated that the distinct properties of FRP bars embedded in GPC can provide a promising technology for the construction of new structures with high sustainability, sufficient strength, and structural integrity. Ductility ratios for GPC beams were 5% to 34% higher than those for reinforced OPC beams. Compared to steel-GPC beams, FRP-GPC beams deflect and fracture more due to their lower modulus of elasticity. Therefore, it is possible to use geopolymer concrete with a combination of steel bars and FRP in order to overcome the disadvantages of using only FRP or steel.

Abstract: Pervious concrete, or "porous concrete," is characterized by its sand-free mixture. Therefore, it is classified as a type of lightweight concrete. Due to the trend towards using sustainable materials to preserve the environment by getting rid of waste and reducing carbon dioxide production, four mixtures were prepared in this research. The first mixture was used to control the mixture. Second, 30 % of the volume of coarse aggregate was replaced with brick waste aggregate. After that, 10% of the Cement was replaced by metakaoline. Finally, carbon fibre was added by 1% of the weight of the Cement. Compressive strength, Density, and flexural strength tests were conducted. The results of the tests demonstrated that the previous concrete mixture, including 30% crushed brick, 10% metakaolin, and 1% carbon fibres, had greater compressive strength at 7 and 28 days of curing than a mix containing 30% brick waste. The Density of pervious concrete, which contains waste, decreased compared to that of the original concrete. Adding carbon fibres led to a slight improvement in compressive strength and a good improvement in the flexural and splitting tests compared with the mixture containing brick waste and Metakaolin.

Abstract: The utilization of waste materials in concrete production can provide potential technical and environmental benefits. In this study, the incorporation of recycled waste glass and olive stone aggregates as partial replacements for fine and coarse aggregates in concrete mixtures was evaluated. Coarse aggregate was replaced with crushed bottle glass, while fine aggregate was replaced with processed olive stones from agricultural waste. Five concrete mixtures were tested, with a control mixture containing 0% waste aggregates and others containing 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% replacements by weight of aggregates with waste glass and olive stones. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of standard concrete and specimens were evaluated. The results indicate that compressive strength was equal to or higher in the waste aggregate concretes compared to the control, with 20-30% of replacements showing the best performance. The olive stones increased flexural strength, while the glass reduced it compared to control samples. Thermal conductivity decreased linearly with increasing waste aggregate content due to the lower density and non-crystalline structures. These findings provide evidence that recycled glass and olive stone aggregates can be successfully used as sustainable substitutes for natural aggregates in concrete mixtures.

Abstract: Abstract. Much trash, similar to clay bricks, concrete, and mortar, is made when things are built or torn down. A cheap and eco-friendly way to eliminate this trash is to recycle it into new building materials. Construction and removal waste is turned into recycled aggregates after being smashed, ground, dried, and graded. This paper shows the findings of a study that looked into using crushed bricks as aggregates. The bricks were taken from the demolition of different places and then crushed until they were no bigger than 10 mm. Micro steel fibres (1% by volume of the concrete) and crushed bricks (25% and 50%) of the original reactive powder concrete were added to the mix instead of fine sand and micro steel fibres before the casting. To look into several properties of the standard and reactive powder concrete, including their density, compressive strength , and Flexural strength . compressive strength of modified reactive powder concrete ( MRPC) with 25% crushed bricks increased by 7.22% and 6.73% more than compressive strength of the standard reactive powder concrete at age 7 days and 28 days of testing respectively and Flexural strength increasing by 33.96%and 27.6% more than Flexural strength of the standard reactive powder concrete at age 7 days and 28 days of testing respectively . The compressive strength slightly decreasing by 8.43% and 7.69% at age 7 days and 28 days of testing respectively when 50% crushed bricks were used instead sand and Flexural strength decreasing by 16.03% and 14.92% less than reference mixture when 50% crushed brick incorporated. Moreover, modified reactive powder concrete was less dense than the reactive powder concrete that was first made.

Abstract: Airborne transmission of pathogens, particularly through respiratory droplets and aerosols, poses a significant risk to human health and contributes to the spread of infectious respiratory disorders. Urbanization and population increase are frequently linked to rising energy consumption and the use of natural resources like fossil fuels, which harms the ecology. Solar and geothermal energy are examples of renewable energy sources that provide options that can help with environmentally friendly and cost-effective energy-efficient thermal comfort solutions. Adequate ventilation plays a crucial role in mitigating this risk and safeguarding human well-being. Previous studies have examined the importance of ventilation in airborne infection control, emphasizing its impact on indoor air quality. This paper aims to comprehensively review various control measures for enhancing indoor air quality, taking into account relevant influencing parameters. Additionally, the study explores sustainable solutions that can contribute to the long-term prevention of declining air quality and mitigate the potential impact of future biological threats on human health. A thorough literature study evaluates the performance of protected zone ventilation in reducing the risk associated with respiratory droplets and aerosols generated by infected individuals in different confined spaces. The findings highlight the significance of guideline recommendations to prevent airborne transmission of infections and offer a concise overview of enhanced ventilation strategies for improving indoor air quality, particularly in air-conditioned environments. The results of this review contribute to a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of protected zone ventilation in reducing the spread of respiratory pathogens. Moreover, they provide insights into the importance of maintaining optimal indoor air quality through appropriate ventilation measures. The implications of this research are crucial for developing evidence-based guidelines and strategies that can mitigate the impact of airborne transmission and foster healthier indoor environments.

Abstract: The advantages of natural light in construction include connecting to the outside world, giving rooms a bigger appearance, and allowing a sense of time and knowing the weather. Additionally, it reduces the energy consumption associated with artificial lighting. The sun, moon, stars, and thermal heat are all sources of natural light. Energy-saving measures and design elements are integrated into natural lighting in buildings. By developing systems, natural lighting has been improved in efficiency. Solar energy can be directly used, and artificial lighting can be reduced. Vision can be enhanced by creating an unobstructed environment but can also be impaired by it. This study aims to define visual comfort in built environments by using natural light and energy-saving methods. Higher latitudes experience warmer temperatures due to the spreading of solar radiation over a larger surface area, while lower latitudes experience cooler temperatures. Creating daylight requires four stages: a consideration of neighborhood conditions, a consideration of the depth and geometry of the space, a consideration of specific spaces, and a consideration of the middle layers without direct access to daylight. In Malaysia, one of the top countries for absorbing solar energy, architects should utilize cutting-edge science and technology to improve the quality of their projects.

Abstract: Energy problems and the search for effective solutions to solve its various crises represent one of the most important problems facing societies and countries, and the consequent economic problems represented in costs and resources, in addition to its negative effects and accompanying environmental effects. And health problems for humans and their environmental surroundings. Therefore, architecture has tended over the years to search for self-sufficiency in its buildings as one of the solutions that can contribute to saving energy. With its external environment on the other hand, and to achieve these goals, the designers resorted to employing a set of mechanisms and strategies in the designs of its buildings and within the stages of designing and operating the buildings, as the paper aims to (discover and clarify the mechanisms and strategies that designers adopt to employ clean energies in the design of contemporary buildings). In its theoretical framework, a group of studies dealt with defining the possibilities of employing clean energies and reviewing the possibilities of employing them in traditional architecture, up to contemporary architecture. Its applied side also deals with a group of contemporary and modern architectural projects and analyzes the design mechanisms adopted by the designers to reach a more healthy and less polluted environment, which are the mechanisms through which we can employ them in the construction of our buildings in our local communities and reach healthier and more prosperous cities and reduce economic costs.