Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 2

Abstract: The main purpose of multifunction design (MD) is to ensure the sustainability of structural systems under different seismic conditions. MD compares and analyses current and projected states of response for changing natural conditions, such as earthquakes, controls seismic behaviour, modification and replacement of existing parts, optimizes shapes, sizes and energy dissipation as planned. If nature were to design an earthquake resistant structure (ERS) it would probably resort to MD and Performance Control (PC) rather than conventional methods of design. Unlike conventional methods, MD also addresses the possibilities of post-earthquake realignment and repairs (PERR) of ERS. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that resilient structures can be materialized, through emulation of MD without resorting to untenable costs and technologies. In the interim a number of relatively new ideas including Structures of Uniform construction, Multifunction detailing and the Fail-safe (FS) concept have also been introduced.

Abstract: The work concerns the use of polyvinyl chloride joints as a modern method of stabilizing the trenches in military construction built on unstable water-saturated slopes by combining it with a transverse drainage. Employment of the method will reduce the hydrostatic pressure on the trench walls, excluding the possibility of collapse, and will increase the efficiency of service at military bases. Polyvinyl chloride joints are used in hydraulic engineering in a number of countries, in the construction of artificial canals, swimming pools and flood protection. The novelty of this method is its usage in flooded areas, which at the same time prevents landslides by organizing drainage.

Abstract: Two contact problems on the interaction between a system of an arbitrary finite number of stringers or a periodic system of stringers and a massive deformable body in the form of an elastic half-space under plane deformation are considered. These problems are discussed in the formulation when the mode of elastic displacements of the stringers is given in advance, and it is required to determine the contact stresses and the force factors acting on the stringers. In this formulation, problem solving is reduced to solving the singular integral equation (SIE) with a Cauchy kernel or a Fredholm integral equation (FIE) that admits an exact solution.

Abstract: The work refers to the modern method of stabilizing unstable, water-saturated creeping slopes, with the combination of bulk piles and gabions. The application of the method makes it possible to ensure the stability of the slope by means of bulk piles, passing through weak soils, building semi-massive gabion walls on the piles with a stepped front edge. Bulk piles and gabions are used in modern construction for strengthening the slopes of river banks, in the preparation of protective structures to stand the rockfall, avalanche floods, in the construction of bridges, hydraulic and other facilities. The novelty of the proposed method is the stabilization and watering of the slopes organized without the construction of reinforced concrete retaining walls and land-based systems. It provides strength in depth and minimizing hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: The article presents the possibilities of dynamic measurements of building structures based on the ARAMIS SRX measurement system. It is a system consisting of high-resolution 3D cameras with the possibility of filming up to 500 frames per second. The stability of the sensor and the high frequency of image recording enable precise three-dimensional measurements of displacements and deformations caused by static or dynamic loads. Thanks to dynamic measurements, it is possible to analyze the redistribution of stresses, both of small elements and large elements of a structure. Moreover, the article presents exemplary tests of the connection of the profile of the parapet supporting structure subjected to dynamic wind loads. Two different states of dynamic gusts were analyzed: maximum suction and maximum wind pressure, assumed periodically as a sinusoidal function.

Abstract: The paper considers issues the nonlinear behavior of shear bonds affecting the changes in the distribution of stresses and strains in vertical structures, as well as to compare these stresses and strains with the linear statement of the problem solution in which the compliance of the bonds is constant. In a complex multiconnected system of the multistory building, the new redistribution of stresses arises, which does not coincide with the original distribution of stresses. To correct the stiffness value for the bonds, the experimental data of MGSU were used. A secant module was used to determine the stiffness for links such as lintels. Loading was performed by the step method. Redistribution of stresses in the load-bearing elements of the building showed their significant leveling. The issue of ultimate deformations of shear bonds limiting the process of redistribution of stresses and deformations requires discussion.

Abstract: Non-observance of the heat and humidity regime in buildings can lead to significant problems such as the formation of condensation on the internal surfaces of the enclosing structures, which not only destroys the construction of the building but also leads to the formation of mould, fungi that are dangerous for human life and health. In addition, the use of construction or thermal insulation materials in a humid environment increases the energy consumption as a result of which the building's energy efficiency is reduced. In this paper considered the impact of the heat and humidity regime on the construction and thermal insulation materials, and also presents a developed new structure of an air dryer dehumidifier. The results of the study showed that an increase in the moisture content of the construction material by 10%, the thermal conductivity of the material increases from 6% to 60%, which will significantly increase the heating and cooling demand of the building. The developed new structure of the air dehumidifier reduces the humidity of the air, without using additional equipment, or substance such as refrigerant or absorbent. The proposed device significantly reduces capital and operating costs.

Abstract: The work is devoted to the numerical analysis of connections of light frame elements in the Sunday system technology. The analyzed technology is described, which in the light of the requirements in terms of structure mechanics as well as more and more stringent energy efficiency is an economical and effective solution. Complex numerical calculations require the introduction of appropriate input data to create computer models. In order to perform the simulation, the influence of the adopted schematic characterization of the material on the course of the stress-strain curves obtained by numerical analysis using the Ansys Reaserch 2021 program based on the finite element method was presented. The authors described the procedure for performing numerical analysis, taking into account material nonlinearity. The material models used for this type of calculations were also noted. On the example of a connection of elements of a light frame structure, the influence of the adopted material characteristics on the result of the obtained numerical calculations is presented.

Abstract: Asbestos-cement products (eternit) were a commonly used roofing material for residential and farm buildings. Due to the harmfulness of this product, in 1997 its production and use was banned in Poland. In 2002 the Polish government adopted a program aimed at the complete removal of these materials from buildings by 2032. Despite the possibility of obtaining funding for the removal of asbestos, the process is slow. Inhabitants of small communes often dismantle asbestos products in an inappropriate way on their own, which has a negative impact on the environment and poses a threat to human health. The article presents the results of the CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) survey, identifying the methods of developing asbestos roofing over the last twenty-four years in five selected towns of the Kłobuck poviat. An „in situ” visual assessment of the identification of products in these localities was performed and indicators showing changes in the manner of their management were estimated. Moreover, the respondents also specified the future intention to neutralize the asbestos panels still on the buildings. It was found that in the analysed period, there was an increase in disassembly works carried out by companies specialised in the disposal of asbestos cement to the level of 72%, with a simultaneous decrease in the share of negative practices by 65%. Unfortunately, over 55% of farm buildings in the analysed area are still covered with eternit. Low environmental awareness and high costs of changing the roof covering make it impossible to solve this problem quickly.