Improving the Productivity of Avocado Seed for Create High Value Products

Abstract:

Nowadays there is a significant increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits, due toall the therapeutic properties that have been associated with them, some of these fruits and vegetablesare consumed in processed form [1]. During the process, byproducts such as husks and seeds aregenerated, which are usually difficult to handle waste since they have a high organic load and carryan additional cost for their treatment [2]. Proteins, carbohydrates, bioactive substances, essential oils,are some of the compounds that can be found in this type of waste [3-6]. The subproduct mentionedcan be used as raw material for obtaining other products of high value for consumption. The objectiveof the present investigation was to determine the concentration of various minerals, fatty acids,resveratrol and phytosterols present in the avocado seed in order to add value to this residue. Afterconducting all these experiments in the laboratory, it was shown that the avocado seed containsresveratrol and other components that help improve glucose and cholesterol levels. An avocado seedsupplement was obtained that has been tested with rabbits for the moment.

• Periodical: Defect and Diffusion Forum (Volume 394)
• Pages: 47-54
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.394.47
• Online since: August 2019
• Authors: Gerardo Espinosa-Garza*, Imelda Loera Hernández, Jacobo Tijerina Aguilera
• Keywords: Avocado Seed, Cholesterol, Glucose, High-Value, Supplement

References

[1] J. F. Ayala-zavala, V. Vega-vega, C. Rosas-Domínguez, H. Palafox-Carlos, J. A. Villa-Rodriguez et al. Agro-industrial potential of exotic fruit byproducts as a source of food additives, Food Res. Int. 44(7) (2011) 1866-1874.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.02.021

[2] L. M. Ribeiro da Silva, E.A. Teixeira de Figueiredo, N.M. Pontes Silva Ricardo, et. al. Quantification of bioactive compounds in pulps and by-products of tropical fruits from Brazil, Food Chem. 143 (2014) 398-404.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.001

[3] S. M. A. Razavi, E. Milani, Some physical properties of the watermelon seeds, Afr. J. Agric. Res. 1(3) (2006) 65-69.

[4] H. Ç. Kaymak, The relationships between seed fatty acids profile and seed germination in cucurbit species, Žemdirbystė=Agric. 99(3) (2012) 299-304.

[5] S. Lagha-Benamrouche, K. Madani, Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of orange varieties (Citrus sinensis L. and Citrus aurantium L.) cultivated in Algeria: Peels and leaves, Ind. Crops Prod. 50 (2013) 723-730.

DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.07.048

[6] D. R. Kammerer; J. Kammerer, R. Valet, R. Carle, Recovery of Polyphenols from the by products of Plant Food Processing and Application as Valuable Food Ingredients, Food Res. Int. 65 (2014) 2-12.

DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.012

[7] J. G. Rodríguez-Carpena, D. Morcuende, M. Estévez, Avocado by-products as inhibitors of color deterioration and lipid and protein oxidation in raw porcine patties subjected to chilled storage, Meat Sci. 89(2) (2011) 166-173.

DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.04.013

[8] M. E. Pahua-Ramos, A. Ortiz-Moreno, G. Chamorro-Cevallos, et. al., Hypolipidemic effect of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 67(1) (2012) 10-16.

DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0280-6

[9] B. A. Schaffer, B. N. Wolstenholme, A. W. Whiley, Introduction in B. A. Schaffer, B. N. Wolstenholme, A. W. Whiley (Eds), The avocado: botany, production, and uses, CABI, DOI 10.1079/9781845937010.0000 (2013) pp.1-9.

DOI: 10.1079/9781845937010.0000

[10] J. B. Bost, N. J. H. Smith and J. H. Crane, History, Distribution and Uses, in B. A. Schaffer, B. N. Wolstenholme, A. W. Whiley (Eds), The avocado: botany, production, and uses, CABI, DOI 10.1079/9781845937010.0000 (2013). pp.10-30.

DOI: 10.1079/9781845937010.0000

[11] E. Padilla-Camberos, M. Martínez-Velázquez, J. M. Flores-Fernández, S. Villanueva-Rodríguez, Acute toxicity and genotoxic activity of avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill., c.v. Hass), Sci. World J. 2013 (2013).

DOI: 10.1155/2013/245828

[12] M. L. Dreher, A. J. Davenport, Hass avocado composition and potential health effect, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 53(7) (2013) 738-750.

DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.556759

[13] A. Kosińska, M. Karamać, I. Estrella, T. Hernández, B. Bartolomé, G. A. Dykes, Phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant capacity of Persea americana Mill. peels and seeds of two varieties, J. Agric. Food Chem. 60(18) (2012) 4613-4619.

DOI: 10.1021/jf300090p

[14] M. A. Ortiz, A. L. Dorantes, M. J. Gallndez, S. E. Cárdenas, Effect of a novel oil extraction method on avocado (Persea americana Mill) pulp microstructure, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 59(1) (2004) 11-14.

DOI: 10.1007/s11130-004-0032-3

[15] M. R. Ramos, G. Jerz, S. Villanueva, F. López-Dellamary, R. Waibel, P. Winterhalter, Two glucosylated abscisic acid derivates from avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill. Lauraceae cv. Hass), Phytochemistry, 65(7) (2004) 955-962.

DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.12.007

[16] J. G. Rodríguez-Carpena, D. Morcuende, M. J. Andrade, P. Kylli, M. Estevez, Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties, J. Agric. Food Chem. 59(10) (2011) 5625-5635.

DOI: 10.1021/jf1048832

[17] O. N. Anaka, R. I. Ozolua, S. O. Okpo, Effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) on the blood pressure of Sprague-Dawley rats, Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 3(10) (2009) 485-490.

DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v6i4.57214

[18] A. Jimenez-Arellanes, J. Luna-Herrera, R. Ruiz-Nicolas, J. Cornejo-Garrido, A. Tapia, L. Yépez-Mulia, Antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of Persea americana seeds, BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 13 (2013) article 109.

DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-109

[19] R. B. Maseko, C. M. Nkambule, MB. Botha, Synthesis of authentic organic standards of antibacterial compounds isolated from avocados, Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Physics Faculty of Natural Sciences, (2006) 1-4.

[20] J. J. Leite, E. H. Brito, R. A. Cordeiro, R S Brilhante et al. Chemical composition, toxicity and larvicidal and antifungal activities of Persea Americana (avocado) seed extracts, Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 42(2) (2009) 110-113.

DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822009000200003

[21] D. Dabas, R. M. Shegog, G. R. Ziegler, J. D. Lambert, Avocado (Persea americana) seed as a source of bioactive phytochemicals, Curr. Pharm. Des. 19(34) (2013) 6133-6140.

DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319340007

[22] U. Emmanuel Uchenna, A. Bakr Shori, A. Salihin Baba, Inclusion of avocado (Persea americana) seeds in the diet to improve carbohydrate and lipidmetabolism in rats, Rev. Argent. Endocrinol. Metab. 54(3) (2017) 140-148.

DOI: 10.1016/j.raem.2017.07.005